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To which extent constructive mathematics can recover classical mathematics? Is there classical theorem about computable objects and operations which can not be proven constructively?

I know that many classical theorems can be proven constructively at least after modification. For example intermediate value theorem in analysis. And there is still some important theorem like Falting’s theorem which lacks of proven effective bounds.

My intuition is that when we restrict to computable (in some sense) objects and computable operations on them, we should be able to give a constructive proof when a classical one is valid.

For example, if by computable proposition, we mean decidable one, then we can in fact compute its truth value, so in this sense we have modified version of law of excluded middle. Let $P$ be a decidable predicate on natural numbers, then we can prove countable choice for $P$ constructively.

Now it comes to the question. Is there any counter example?

Note: The modification should have a computable meaning. For example, only adding LEM as hypothesis is not my intention. I expect one can compute the truth value of proposition $p$ before assuming LEM for $p$.

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    $\begingroup$ You should try to make your question more precise (in particular what you mean by "modified", since any theorem can be "modified" to additionally assume excluded middle, and in a certain sense all constructive "modifications" boil down to some weaker version of this), but at least the existence of Friedman's translation gives a negative answer for certain $\Pi_2^0$ statements. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 8 at 13:48
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    $\begingroup$ To paraphrase the top answer on MathOverflow: everywhere we look, we find that the more concrete theorems of classical mathematics can be rescued by perturbing definitions, hypotheses, and conclusions—it's a matter of finding someone who has "done the looking". $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 8 at 17:48
  • $\begingroup$ The question that comes to mind is whether every classical proof that a particular computable function is total would also have a corresponding constructive proof. For example, the function that computes the length of the Goodstein sequence for each $n$ is total computable, but PA can't prove that the function is total computable, so no constructive system whose arithmetical theorems are a subset of PA can prove that function is total. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 13 at 13:17

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