Android APK built with EAS Build cannot connect to local API server, but Expo Go works fine. How to fix network security?

I have built a mobile app with React Native and Expo that consumes an API. When I create an APK and download the app on an Android device, I get the error:

Cannot connect to server try again later

when I try to login. But when I scan the QR code and open the app in Expo Go, it works fine. How can I fix this issue?

{
  "expo": {
    "name": "trackmobile",
    "slug": "trackmobile",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "orientation": "portrait",
    "icon": "./assets/images/icon.png",
    "scheme": "trackmobile",
    "userInterfaceStyle": "automatic",
    "newArchEnabled": true,
    "ios": {
      "supportsTablet": true
    },
    "android": {
      "adaptiveIcon": {
        "foregroundImage": "./assets/images/adaptive-icon.png",
        "backgroundColor": "#ffffff"
      },
      "edgeToEdgeEnabled": true,
      "package": "com.juno2025.trackmobile",
      "usesCleartextTraffic": true,
      "allowBackup": true,
      "networkSecurityConfig": "./assets/xml/network_security_config.xml"
    },
    "web": {
      "bundler": "metro",
      "output": "static",
      "favicon": "./assets/images/favicon.png"
    },
    "plugins": [
      "expo-router",
      [
        "expo-splash-screen",
        {
          "image": "./assets/images/splash-icon.png",
          "imageWidth": 200,
          "resizeMode": "contain",
          "backgroundColor": "#ffffff"
        }
      ]
    ],
    "experiments": {
      "typedRoutes": true
    },
    "extra": {
      "router": {},
      "eas": {
        "projectId": "2b8d5d6d-1b61-4f70-ace7-fc30b65b3a32"
      }
    }
  }
}