Your Power BI XMLA endpoint is accessible through your Azure Analysis Services (AAS) instance tied to the given datasource/workspace, which means that you should be able to connect to that AAS instance and work with the data there via the web. I am not aware of any currently available Linux compatible tools that allow this. I did a bit of research and was surprised to find that there was not a VS Code extension that allowed this (might have to get to work on that ;)).
That being said, Microsoft has several different client libraries (for both AMO and ADOMD.NET) built within their .NET Core framework that would theoretically be able to used by a client application that could be built for supported Linux OS (Microsoft doc here). In other words, (again, theoretically) it should be relatively painless to build a simple tool for a supported Linux OS that takes in XMLA commands and executes them on a provided connection.
EDIT: Another good option to consider might be Microsoft's Power BI REST API (documentation here). If the functionality you are looking for is available within their REST API, you should be able to write a client tool (using one of many different options, but .NET Core could still be the in there) targeting Linux that makes use of the API for your Power BI instance in place of directly using the XMLA endpoint. I would consider this the better alternative. This is going is a less 'Microsoft-y' way of doing this, and is going to be much easier to maintain and develop over time. I would start by confirming that the functionality you want is not available in this API first.
EDIT: After reading further in above linked document regarding AMO and ADOMD.NET client libraries:
TCP based connectivity is supported for Windows computers only.
Interactive login with Azure Active Directory is supported for Windows computers only. The .NET Core Desktop runtime is required.
So it looks like there are currently some limitations to these libraries regarding a Linux runtime. I am not positive that you could use something other than TCP based connectivity to accomplish this, but if I find a way (or someone is able to suggest something), then I will update.