Asp.Net Mvc Url.Action in external js file?

I'm not sure if this is the most elegant solution, but what I did was differentiating between registers and the real implementation in the external scripts, so that:

<script>...</script>
... include all the external scripts I need

$(document).ready(function(){

    //get all the information you need from your MVC context 
    //before going out of context and into the scripts
    var url = '@Url.Action("Action", "Controller")'; 


     RegisterMyFunction(url, other parameters ..);
     RegisterAnotherFunction(url, others...);
}

So that in my views I only had the register functions and the scripts contained the special values as a parameter to do whatever I wanted.

Hope it helps,

Here's a pattern I've been using. It's a bit more steps, but I like that all of my urls are in one organized location in the View.

At the bottom of my View I will include a Scripts Section that contains the urls like so:

@section Scripts
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        myJavaScriptObject.firstUrl = '@Url.Action("Action1", "Controller", new {id = Model.Id})';
        myJavaScriptObject.secondUrl = '@Url.Action("Action2", "Controller", new {id = Model.Id})';
    </script>
}

Inside of my JavaScript Class (which is in an external file) I will reference the url like so:

var myJavaScriptObject = {
    firstUrl: '',
    secondUrl: '',
    docReady: function() {
        $.get(myJavaScriptObject.firstUrl, function(data) { do something...  });
    }
}

I realize the entries don't need to be referenced inside of the Class, but I like to have them there for my own housekeeping.

As accepted answer described, you can not use any C# code in external JS file. Here is what I normally do if I need to pass few controller links to my external .js file.

In C# (.cshtml)

<script src="~/js/myfile.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript">

    var url1 =  "@Url.Action("ActionName", "ControllerName", new { Param = ViewBag.Param })";  
    var url2 = "@Url.Action("AnotherAction", "AnotherController")";

    $(function() {
        window.initScript(url1, url2);
    });

</script>

In myfile.js

var _url1;
var _url2;

function initScript(url1, url2) {
    _url1 = url1;
    _url2 = url2;

   // other init. codes...

}

You can use Hidden fields to do the same (on Master/Individual views).

View page:

@Html.Hidden("commonUrlTrack", Url.Action("Action_Method_Name", "Controller_Name"))

<button onclick="commonFunction()">Click Me</button>

JS File:

function commonFunction() {
    var url = $("#commonUrlTrack").val();        
    alert(url);        
}

I put this code in my _Layout.cshtml in head

<script type="text/javascript">
    var yourCompanyUrlPrefix = '@Url.Action("", "")';
  </script>

and then use yourCompanyUrlPrefix in any js file