Newest Questions
47,192 questions
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Why is methane (CH₄) classified as an alkane even though it has no C–C bonds?
I am learning about alkanes in organic chemistry. I read in my textbook:
Hydrocarbons that contain only C–C single bonds are called alkanes.
But methane ($\ce{CH4}$) has only one carbon atom, so it ...
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0
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20
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Fajans' rules for Transition Metals and Lanthanides
I'm trying to understand the connection between periodic properties and ionic/covalent character of bonds.
Following Fajans' rules, for polarizing power of a cation I mean the tendency of this cation ...
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0
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36
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Ethanol vapor acting as a solvent [closed]
Can ethanol vapor from using perfumes or body sprays existing in a small room act as a solvent and remove ink from the surface of a paper located on a shelf?
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0
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39
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Knoevenagel Condensation with BODIPY [closed]
We are trying to synthesise a 3,5-dibromostyryl BODIPY derivative through a Knoevenagel condensation.
The reaction is conducted according to literature (e.g. DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21038f) with 1 eq of 1,3,...
2
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19
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How to calculate epoxy - curing agent ratio
I have an epoxy resin with a known EEW (epoxy equivalent weight), which is the weight corresponding to one mole of epoxy groups. For example, I want to use TETA (triethylenetetramine) hardener, and a ...
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2
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423
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Reacting calcium with acetic acid - safe to conduct in classroom environment?
I am embarrassed to ask this on such technical site, but I decided safety first! I know that Calcium is reactive with acids and water but would it be safe to mix a small amount of calcium and acetic ...
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23
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how to constrain molecular symmetry in gaussian opt and freq calculations? [closed]
I'd like to constrain the C2v symmetry of a planar molecule in opt and freq calculations. My input molecular coordinate is obtained from Gaussview and has been imposed C2v symmetry, but the symmetry ...
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2
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59
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Why does a “minimum symmetry” exist for cubic crystals and why is it 23 (tetrahedral)?
I understand that the maximum possible symmetry of the cubic crystal system is the point group m3m (Octahedral) because the symmetry of the cubic lattice itself is octahedral.
I also understand that ...
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37
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What is the structure of (CF3)2-Al-O-Al-(CF3)2? [closed]
What is the structure of $\ce{(CF3)2-Al-O-Al-(CF3)2}$? Also find the number of pi bond or Back bond.
Generally neutral atom donates only one lone pair to back bonding because after that, electron ...
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50
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In which compound is backbonding more profound?
In both boroxine and borazine, there is back bonding. The former being boron with oxygen and the latter is boron with nitrogen. Where will be more delocalization of electrons? Is it nitrogen due to ...
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13
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How to merge multiple IRC calculations files? [migrated]
I'm researching the reaction path between a 1,2-diketone and a 1,4-diamine using Gaussian 16 for quantum calculations. I ended doing 4 IRC calculations, one in the ...
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33
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Dissolving phenolphthalein in oil
Is there a way to dissolve phenolphthalein in mineral oil? I want to microencapsulate it and am trying to avoid mixing it with ethanol, as I'm using PVA dissolved in water for the microencapsulation ...
2
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0
answers
65
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MS fragmentation mechanism of linalool
I've been trying for a long time to understand the fragmentation mechanism in which the species with a mass of 95 is obtained from the fragment with a mass of 123, as illustrated in the image. The ...
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26
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How to calculate micrograms in a sample of a substance based on mass and ppm? [closed]
Imagine we have a substance that is 1000 ppm of something, say, like zinc.
A sample of it is removed has a mass of 0.01 grams.
Is there a way to calculate micrograms in the sample from this?
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13
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Interpretation of CI strings (in PySCF) [migrated]
Note: I am coming from the field of Quantum Computing (QC) and posted the same question here (with adjusted formulation). However, I think this question is more about computational chemistry than QC. ...
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51
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Could lanthanides be used interchangeably if the applications don’t involve f electrons?
Many applications of rare earths like magnets and laser devices have a strict requirement for the purity of lanthanides because these applications are dependent on the f electrons. However, some ...
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Which of the two reactions will occur? + stability of ions
I have solid iron and a solution of copper sulphate and need to calculate the EMF of the corresponding redox reaction, the problem is I'm not given the reaction. I know that copper sulphate ...
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1
answer
522
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Model of red beard formed by electrolysis
Red beard is formed by electrolysis of a solution of baking soda in water at a voltage of 12 volts and electrodes in the form of an aluminum cylinder (cathode) and a double steel ring (anode). The ...
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2
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489
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How can D-peptides not adopt the mirror image conformation of the L-peptide?
The D-peptide is a peptide using D-amino acids instead of L-amino acids (with the same AA sequence). I would expect the D-peptide to always have a mirror image conformation compared to the original. ...
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What's are the methods to determine nomenclature of different compositions? [closed]
What are the formulaes to determine nomeclature of different compostions? Is there anyways to nomenclature compounds without spending time and effort to calculate oxidation number? Like instantly ...
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Dipole-dipole interactions vs electrophilicity-nucleophilicity
Please pardon any lax application of terms in what follows.
I have a few questions, first regarding the nature of intermolecular interactions in non-polar molecules. It is understood that London ...
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1
answer
73
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Why do electrons have a mass but photons don't even though both are always moving? [closed]
I know that electrons have a very small mass, and they are always moving in an electron cloud. Photons are also always moving, but they don't have a mass. If they both are moving very quickly all the ...
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Determining EAN in Coordination Compounds
The EAN value of [Ti(σ-C₅H₅)₂(π-C₅H₅)₂] is
(A) 32
(B) 33
(C) 34
(D) 35
Can somebody explain this question, I have also found difficulty in decoding what pi and sigma before ligands mean, also C₅H₅ is ...
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0
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76
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How can we assume that concentrations are continuous functions of time and how can we speak of a change in mole numbers that is smaller than one? [duplicate]
I am an undergraduate of chemistry, and I have recently found myself wondering about something very elementary yet somewhat puzzling. Consider a simple chemical equation such as the one below
$$\...
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38
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Chemometrics of microplastics
I'm stuck on the task of performing chemometrics described in Optimization, performance, and application of a pyrolysis-GC/MS method for the identification of microplastics by Hermabessiere et al.
...
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0
answers
22
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How to filtering Ca-Al Layer Double Hydroxide? [closed]
When I use vacuum cleaner to filter LDH, I waste 5 hour fo this process. I don't know why and how to solve this problem. Please give me your ideal to solve it.
Thank you so much
2
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0
answers
96
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Is it possible to separate lanthanides with the help of magnetic fields?
Lanthanides are very difficult to separate because they are differed only by the number of f electrons. Because f electrons are buried deep, they are inaccessible to chemical reactions, which results ...
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29
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What's the mechanism of ferric hydroxamate test? [closed]
I want to use the ferric hydroxamate test for the detection of a lactone. Can someone explain the mechanism behind it, what factors affect it and if any adjustments need to be made from the way it's ...
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1
answer
153
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Can manual calculation of HPLC peak width from chromatogram data be done?
This is the first time I'm processing HPLC data and I'm wondering how you can compute peak width if it's not given from the chromatogram. I've read somewhere that you can compute the peak width from ...
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0
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64
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How should I simulate molecular electrons to find water-soluble hydrocarbons? [closed]
I am trying to write a program that produces a class of water-soluble hydrocarbons at room temperature using a formula to derive a chemical arrangement.
I am hypothesizing that a configuration as such ...
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1
answer
45
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Synthesis of the protected piperidine derivative [closed]
An exam question is asking for the synthesis (2 ways) of the following substance. Please, can one OC guy have a look and give me some hints.
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2
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82
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How is Savor making triglycerides from hydrogen and carbon dioxide?
US start-up Savor purports to combine $\ce{H2}$ and $\ce{CO2}$ to make butter, a triglyceride. How might they be using $\ce{H2}$ and $\ce{CO2}$ to make fatty acids?
Selected from Savor.it — Process:
...
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93
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Mysterious NMR Peak
I've tried to synthesize 7,7-Dichlorobicyclo[4.1.0]heptane via the cycloaddition of dichlorocarbene and cyclohexene. The dichlorocarbene was prepared in situ with chloroform, an aqueous NaOH solution, ...
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2
answers
91
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Chemical irreversibly coloured by water
What's a substance that irreversibly goes coloured when in contact with water? I need something that isn't very toxic, as close to skin-safe as possible.
I was thinking of copper(II) sulfate.
2
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1
answer
54
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Encapsulating phenolphthalein in a cellulose acetate membrane
I am trying to encapsulate phenolphthalein in a cellulose acetate (CA) membrane without it leaching out when it gets wet. Is there a possibility to do so with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)?
I have tried ...
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0
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53
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What chemical reactions occurred between phosphoric acid "rust converter", and rusty cast iron?
I recently applied rust converter which was phosphoric acid based commercial rust converter on a piece of very old rusty cast iron machinery/furniture. This was actually a mistake on my part, since I ...
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What happens when 2-bromo-2-chloro-3-iodo-3-fluorobutane reacts with zinc? Will it still produce alkyne?
We know vicinal tetrahalides form alkynes through reacting with zinc, but what if all those halogens in the tetrahalide compounds are different, like 2-bromo-2-chloro-3-iodo-3-fluorobutane? Will it ...
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1
answer
55
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Degree of unsaturation of hydrocarbon anion
We are clear about the formula for Degree of Unsaturation or Double bond equivalent which can be calculated using the formula (2C+2-H-X+N)/2 for regular compounds but in cases of Hydrocarbon anion ...
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0
answers
49
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Will the rate of reaction of H+ with OH group be more than that of the double bond in dehydration of 5-methylhex-4-en-1-ol in the presence of H2SO4?
This question is from my note on dehydration of 5-methylhex-4en-1-ol using $\ce{H2SO4}$.
The stable product is formed when $\ce{H+}$ attacks the double bond to form a stable carbocation. The ...
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0
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60
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Who can recommend a safer/easier chemical compound than the KNO3 + sugar mixture to propel a rocket? [duplicate]
I need a new mixture to have another option in case sugar + KNO3 doesn't work, I'm looking for a mixture that's easier to handle and mix than the current one, while also being as easily accessible as ...
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3
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Challenging purification of organoboronic acids
I need a small library of boronic acids for an upcoming project, around 1 g each, and I've been struggling for weeks getting some of them pure.
Examples include:
(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)boronic ...
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2
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1
answer
127
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Proton NMR of Propanolol Hydrochloride
I noticed in previous references that the 3H region often appears as a multiplet in many propranolol hydrochloride $\ce{^1H}$-NMR spectra (most of them in DMSO-$d_6$ solvent). However, in this ...
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Are there any examples of second order kinetics reactions that can be done in a home lab?
I am working on a project for a differential equations class, and I would like to do something chemistry related. The requirements for the project are a system of nonlinear differential equations (...
1
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1
answer
43
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What can I do to lighten dark polyester fabric?
I have several yards of blue 100% polyester fabric. I seek options to lighten/whiten the fabric, along the lines of tie dye, or droplets of a lightening agent, or designs made with a squirt bottle.
I ...
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74
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Would dissolution of an ionic compound break the ionic bond?
I understand ionic bonds to be basically the electrostatic attraction between two ions after complete electron transfer from an electropositive element to an electronegative one.
Would enough ...
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2
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91
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Are there any reactions between gases that would form solid products under the conditions of the reaction?
Combustion of something, for example usually leads to formation of gases from solids/liquids/sometimes gases, but even if the reaction leads to formation of something liquid or solid at STP, for ...
4
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1
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315
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What is the exact purpose of the linearity test during analytical method validation?
I need a deeper understanding of the concept of linearity. I'm familiar with the general principle that the response versus concentration should ideally produce a linear curve, but I'd like to explore ...
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0
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56
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Coexistence curves in phase diagrams and melting points
[Edited]
I read that "sublimation curve in a phase diagram represent vapor pressure of solid" and "vaporization curve in a phase diagram represent vapor pressure of liquid"
But I ...
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3
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2
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190
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Stereochemistry of oxidation of N-methylpiperidine
As part of one of our homework problems, I'm trying to explain the following reaction outcome:
Explain the reaction outcome below with an appropriate principle. Sketch the corresponding reaction ...
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6
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2
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767
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What is the exact definition of a pyrophoric material?
Does a pyrophoric material require both oxygen and water to be present for the rapid combustion to occur, or is pyrophoric used as the umbrella term for anything that reacts with either oxygen or ...
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