If you set the background color of the main grid, you will notice it.
Yes, you can set MaxHeight="20" for your <Grid x:Name="Root" MaxHeight="20">, the top and bottom padding will be decrease. And it will works if you set the background color
<maui:MauiWinUIApplication
x:Class="MauiApp1.WinUI.App"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:maui="using:Microsoft.Maui"
xmlns:local="using:MauiApp1.WinUI">
<maui:MauiWinUIApplication.Resources>
<!-- Default style for CalendarDatePicker -->
<Style TargetType="CalendarDatePicker">
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerForeground}" />
<Setter Property="Background" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBackground}" />
<Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBorderBrush}" />
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBorderThemeThickness}" />
<Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left" />
<Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center" />
<Setter Property="UseSystemFocusVisuals" Value="{ThemeResource IsApplicationFocusVisualKindReveal}" />
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="CalendarDatePicker">
<Grid x:Name="Root" MaxHeight="20">
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Normal" />
<VisualState x:Name="PointerOver">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="Background" Storyboard.TargetProperty="BorderBrush">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBorderBrushPointerOver}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="Background" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBackgroundPointerOver}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="Background" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBackgroundPressed}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="Background" Storyboard.TargetProperty="BorderBrush">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBorderBrushPressed}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="Background" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBackgroundDisabled}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="Background" Storyboard.TargetProperty="BorderBrush">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBorderBrushDisabled}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="HeaderContentPresenter" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerHeaderForegroundDisabled}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="DateText" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerTextForegroundDisabled}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="CalendarGlyph" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerCalendarGlyphForegroundDisabled}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Unfocused" />
<VisualState x:Name="PointerFocused" />
<VisualState x:Name="Focused">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="Background" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerBackgroundFocused}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="SelectionStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Unselected" />
<VisualState x:Name="Selected">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="DateText" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerTextForegroundSelected}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="HeaderStates">
<VisualState x:Name="TopHeader" />
<VisualState x:Name="LeftHeader">
<VisualState.Setters>
<Setter Target="HeaderContentPresenter.(Grid.Row)" Value="1" />
<Setter Target="HeaderContentPresenter.(Grid.Column)" Value="0" />
<Setter Target="HeaderContentPresenter.(Grid.ColumnSpan)" Value="1" />
<Setter Target="HeaderContentPresenter.Margin" Value="{StaticResource CalendarDatePickerLeftHeaderMargin}" />
<Setter Target="HeaderContentPresenter.MaxWidth" Value="{StaticResource CalendarDatePickerLeftHeaderMaxWidth}" />
</VisualState.Setters>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<FlyoutBase.AttachedFlyout>
<Flyout Placement="Bottom" ShouldConstrainToRootBounds="False">
<Flyout.FlyoutPresenterStyle>
<Style TargetType="FlyoutPresenter">
<Setter Property="Padding" Value="0" />
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0" />
<Setter Property="IsDefaultShadowEnabled" Value="True" />
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="FlyoutPresenter">
<ContentPresenter Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"
ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}"
ContentTransitions="{TemplateBinding ContentTransitions}"
Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}" />
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</Flyout.FlyoutPresenterStyle>
<CalendarView x:Name="CalendarView"
Style="{TemplateBinding CalendarViewStyle}"
MinDate="{TemplateBinding MinDate}"
MaxDate="{TemplateBinding MaxDate}"
IsTodayHighlighted="{TemplateBinding IsTodayHighlighted}"
DisplayMode="{TemplateBinding DisplayMode}"
FirstDayOfWeek="{TemplateBinding FirstDayOfWeek}"
DayOfWeekFormat="{TemplateBinding DayOfWeekFormat}"
CalendarIdentifier="{TemplateBinding CalendarIdentifier}"
IsOutOfScopeEnabled="{TemplateBinding IsOutOfScopeEnabled}"
IsGroupLabelVisible="{TemplateBinding IsGroupLabelVisible}" />
</Flyout>
</FlyoutBase.AttachedFlyout>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
<RowDefinition Height="*" />
<RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<!--change the height of ColumnDefinition, I change it from 32 to 22-->
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
<ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
<ColumnDefinition Width="22" />
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ContentPresenter x:Name="HeaderContentPresenter"
x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy"
Grid.Row="0"
Grid.Column="1"
Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
Content="{TemplateBinding Header}"
ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding HeaderTemplate}"
Margin="{StaticResource CalendarDatePickerTopHeaderMargin}"
TextWrapping="Wrap"
VerticalAlignment="Top"
Visibility="Collapsed" />
<Border x:Name="Background"
Grid.Row="1"
Grid.Column="1"
Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
CornerRadius="{TemplateBinding CornerRadius}"
Control.IsTemplateFocusTarget="True"
MinHeight="32"/>
<!--change the padding of TextBlock, I change the padding from Padding="12, 0, 0, 2" to Padding="3, 0, 0, 2"-->
<TextBlock x:Name="DateText"
Grid.Row="1"
Grid.Column="1"
HorizontalAlignment="Left"
Foreground="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerTextForeground}"
Text="{TemplateBinding PlaceholderText}"
Padding="3, 0, 0, 2"
VerticalAlignment="Center" />
<FontIcon x:Name="CalendarGlyph"
Grid.Row="1"
Grid.Column="2"
Glyph=""
FontFamily="{ThemeResource SymbolThemeFontFamily}"
Foreground="{ThemeResource CalendarDatePickerCalendarGlyphForeground}"
FontSize="12"
HorizontalAlignment="Center"
VerticalAlignment="Center" />
<ContentPresenter x:Name="DescriptionPresenter"
Grid.Row="2"
Grid.Column="1"
Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
Content="{TemplateBinding Description}"
x:Load="False"
Foreground="{ThemeResource SystemControlDescriptionTextForegroundBrush}"
AutomationProperties.AccessibilityView="Raw" />
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</maui:MauiWinUIApplication.Resources>
</maui:MauiWinUIApplication>
If you want to change the padding of datapicker for Windows platform,
Please open the generic.xaml, then find the Default style for CalendarDatePicker.
Copy the style to the App.xaml in the /Platforms/Windows folder.
We can find the datepicker combine with <Grid> that include the <ContentPresenter>, <Border> <TextBlock> <FontIcon>, if you want to adjust the padding, we can change the padding of <TextBlock> and the Column width at<ColumnDefinition Width="32" />