Dropdown parameters is not yet supported on azure devops pipeline.
There is a workaround that you can create a variable with all the possible values, and enable Settable at queue time. The detailed steps are in below:
Edit your yaml pipeline, Click the 3dots on the top right corer and choose Triggers

Go to Variables tab, create a variable and check Settable at queue time

Then when you queue your pipeline, you will be allowed to set the value for this variable.

After you setup above steps. You also need to add condtions for your tasks.
For below example the script task can only run when the Environment variable is equal to prod and previous steps are all succeeded.
steps:
- script: echo "run this step when Environment is prod"
condition: and(succeeded(), eq(variables['Environment'], 'prod'))
Please check here for more information about Conditions and Expressions
You can also submit a feature request (Click suggest a feature and choose Azure devops)to Microsoft Develop, hope they will consider implementing this feature in the future.
