You should make a be an argument to the function.
function F(a: Integer; x: real): real;
begin
F := a*power(x,2);
end;
Further, using power for integer exponents is expensive and not terribly accurate. Use direct multiplication, in this case you can make use of sqr.
function F(a: Integer; x: real): real;
begin
F := a*sqr(x);
end;
Now, when you call the function you can use StrToInt(Edit1.Text) to obtain the value of a, which you pass on to the function. Or indeed you can use some other means to obtain a.
All of this is to avoid your arithmetic functions requiring knowledge of your UI.