Is there any way to find exactly the blocks allocated to a inode, and view that file? I don't care if I have to be on a live cd, but i need to do this for example:
cat verylongsentice > a
ls -i a
101010 a
ln a /some/random/path
rm a
inode_find 101010
verylongsentice
is there any way to do this? maybe as root or from a live cd? I do not care about the file name. Also would this be possible with deleted files?
There's no inode number for a deleted files. Also: Inode numbers are not guaranteed to be immutable, or not be reused immediately.
In the comments below your question you're very insistent that what you want should work. It shouldn't:
To open a file directly by inode nr and not through file name is in direct conflict with how the POSIX idea of a file works. It also would be incompatible with the POSIX permissions model, in which the path through which you access a file devices whether you can or cannot access it.
Therefore, the Linux kernel cannot offer you an API for opening files via inode.
In case the file does still exist, AND your file system actually stores inodes (I would guess most file systems do not store actual inode numbers, as that's a bad way to organize a large file system, but a remnant from the 1970s, probably. The file system driver would compute the inode nr from positions in directory tree structures, maybe, or something else), you could go in, and use find /mountpoint -i {number} to look for a file of that inode number on the whole file system. If it has already been deleted, it doesn't exist anymore, and you thus can't find it.
find approach, and it wouldn't offer the luxury of just opening the found file in any program.
find . -xdev -inum 101010?