Python 3.12+ generic syntax for <T extends Foo>

Question

Python 3.12 introduced new syntax sugar for generics. What's the new way of writing an upper-bounded generic like this:

def foo[T extends Bar](baz: T) -> T:
    ...

Before new syntax features I believe you could write

from typing import Generic, TypeVar

T = TypeVar("T", bound=Bar)

def foo(baz: T) -> T:
    ...

Anerdw · Accepted Answer · 2025-11-08 22:00:30Z

2

3.12+ type parameter list syntax allows for upper-bounding with the Type: Supertype pattern:

def foo[T: Bar](baz: T) -> T:
    ...

This is roughly equivalent to setting the bound parameter on a TypeVar.

answered Nov 8 at 22:00

Anerdw

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