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I am migrating a working application on a Raspberry Pi to the latest OS Bookworm.

On make, I get the following error:

make
clang++ -lpthread -L/usr/local/lib –lreadline -lcurl -lpigpio -o build/cpssuper build/common.cpp.o build/gpio.cpp.o build/mutex.cpp.o build/namedpipe.cpp.o build/console.cpp.o build/pcs-api-task.cpp.o build/main.cpp.o build/utils.cpp.o build/datetime.cpp.o
clang: error: no such file or directory: '–lreadline'
make: *** [Makefile:40: build/cpssuper] Error 1

I was previously using readline7 but this would not install, so I had to install readline8.

sudo apt-get install libreadline8 libreadline-dev

This installed successfully and if I run apt-cache I get the following:

apt-cache search readline
beef - flexible Brainfuck interpreter
bpython - fancy interface to the Python 3 interpreter
cdecl - Turn English phrases to C or C++ declarations
clisp - GNU CLISP, a Common Lisp implementation
cupt - flexible package manager -- console interface
fim - scriptable frame buffer, X.org and ascii art image viewer
golang-github-bettercap-readline-dev - Readline is a pure go implementation for a GNU-Readline like library
golang-github-chzyer-readline-dev - Readline is a pure go implementation for a GNU-Readline like library
golang-github-thomasrooney-gexpect-dev - pure golang expect library
golang-github-wader-readline-dev - Readline is a pure go(golang) implementation for GNU-Readline like library
golang-gopkg-readline.v1-dev - Pure Go implementation for GNU Readline-like library
ledit - line editor for interactive programs
lf - terminal file manager written in Go
libconfig-model-perl - module for describing and editing configuration data
libedit-dev - BSD editline and history libraries (development files)
libedit2 - BSD editline and history libraries
libeditline-dev - development files for libeditline
libeditline0 - line editing library similar to readline
libeditreadline-dev - BSD editline and history libraries (shim development files)
libenv-ps1-perl - prompt string formatter
libghc-readline-dev - Haskell bindings to GNU readline library
libghc-readline-doc - Haskell bindings to GNU readline library; documentation
libghc-readline-prof - Haskell bindings to GNU readline library; profiling libraries
libgnatcoll-readline20 - Ada binding for ReadLine input history (runtime)
libgnatcoll-readline21-dev - Ada binding for ReadLine input history (development)
libjline-java - Java library for handling console input
libjline-java-doc - Java library for handling console input - documentation
libjline2-java - console input handling in Java
libjline3-java - Console input handling library
libreadline-dev - GNU readline and history libraries, development files
libreadline-gplv2-dev - GNU readline and history libraries, development files
libreadline-java - GNU readline and BSD editline wrappers for Java
libreadline5 - GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries
libreadline5-dbg - GNU readline and history libraries, debugging libraries
libreadline6 - GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries
libreadline6-dbg - GNU readline and history libraries, debugging libraries
libreadline8 - GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries
libreply-perl - lightweight extensible Perl REPL
libruby3.0 - Libraries necessary to run Ruby 3.0
libruby3.1 - Libraries necessary to run Ruby 3.1
librust-rustyline-dev - Readline implementation based on Linenoise - Rust source code
libterm-readline-gnu-perl - Perl extension for the GNU ReadLine/History Library
libterm-readline-perl-perl - Perl implementation of Readline libraries
libterm-readline-ttytter-perl - Term::ReadLine driver with special features for microblogging
libterm-readline-zoid-perl - Pure Perl implementation of Readline libraries
libterm-shellui-perl - Perl module for fully-featured shell-like command line environment
libterm-ui-perl - Term::ReadLine UI made easy
libzed-ocaml - abstract engine for text edition in OCaml (runtime)
libzed-ocaml-dev - abstract engine for text edition in OCaml (development tools)
lua-readline - readline library for the Lua language
lua-readline-dev - readline development files for the Lua language
lua-torch-trepl - REPL Package for Torch Framework
microdc2 - command-line based Direct Connect client
ncftp - User-friendly and well-featured FTP client
node-getpass - get a password from terminal
node-keypress - Make any Node ReadableStream emit "keypress" events
node-read - Read user input from stdin module for Node.js
node-ws-iconv - A set of Node libraries for various filesystem-related functions
nwall - version of wall that uses GNU readline
perl6-readline - Readline binding for Perl 6
perlconsole - small program that lets you evaluate Perl code interactively
php-readline - readline module for PHP [default]
php8.2-readline - readline module for PHP
python3-mock-open - Better mock for file I/O
python3-prompt-toolkit - library for building interactive command lines (Python 3)
python3-readlike - GNU Readline-like line editing module
python3-urwid-readline - python-urwid textbox widget that supports readline shortcuts
raku-readline - Readline binding for Raku
readline-common - GNU readline and history libraries, common files
readline-doc - GNU readline and history libraries, documentation and examples
renameutils - Programs to make file renaming easier
rlfe - Front-end using readline to "cook" input lines for other programs
rlwrap - readline feature command line wrapper
sdcv - StarDict Console Version
swi-prolog - ISO/Edinburgh-style Prolog interpreter
swi-prolog-bdb - Berkeley DB interface for SWI-Prolog
swi-prolog-core - ISO/Edinburgh-style Prolog interpreter - core system
swi-prolog-core-packages - ISO/Edinburgh-style Prolog interpreter - core packages
swi-prolog-doc - documentation and examples for SWI-Prolog
swi-prolog-full - ISO/Edinburgh-style Prolog interpreter - full suit
swi-prolog-java - Bidirectional interface between SWI-Prolog and Java
swi-prolog-nox - ISO/Edinburgh-style Prolog interpreter - without X support
swi-prolog-odbc - ODBC library for SWI-Prolog
swi-prolog-test - tests and checks for SWI-Prolog
swi-prolog-x - User interface library for SWI-Prolog - with X support
tcl-tclreadline - GNU Readline Extension for Tcl/Tk
tintin++ - classic text-based MUD client
torch-trepl - REPL Wrapper Package for Torch Framework

My make file looks like this:

CC=clang
CXX=clang++
CPPFLAGS=-std=c++14 -Isrc/ -Wall -Wextra -Weffc++ -Wno-gnu-statement-expression -Wuninitialized -Wmissing-field-initializers #-Wsign-conversion
LDFLAGS = -lpthread -L/usr/local/lib –lreadline -lcurl -lpigpio
CFLAGS=

SRC_DIR ?= src
BUILD_DIR ?= build
DEP_DIR ?= .deps

TARGET ?= $(BUILD_DIR)/cpssuper

.PHONY: default all clean run

all: $(TARGET)

DEPFLAGS= -MT $@ -MMD -MP -MF $(DEP_DIR)/$*.Td

SRC_FILES := $(shell find $(SRC_DIR) -name *.cpp)
C_SRC_FILES := $(shell find $(SRC_DIR) -name *.c)
OBJ_FILES := $(patsubst $(SRC_DIR)/%.cpp, $(BUILD_DIR)/%.cpp.o, $(SRC_FILES))
C_OBJ_FILES := $(patsubst $(SRC_DIR)/%.c, $(BUILD_DIR)/%.c.o, $(C_SRC_FILES))

POST_COMPILE = @mv -f $(DEP_DIR)/$*.Td $(DEP_DIR)/$*.d && touch $@

    
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.c.o: $(SRC_DIR)/%.c $(DEP_DIR)/%.d
    @mkdir -p $(@D)
    $(CC) $(DEPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
    $(POST_COMPILE)
    
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.cpp.o: $(SRC_DIR)/%.cpp $(DEP_DIR)/%.d
    @mkdir -p $(@D)
    $(CXX) $(DEPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
    $(POST_COMPILE)

$(TARGET): $(C_OBJ_FILES) $(OBJ_FILES)
    $(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^

run: $(TARGET)
    ./$(TARGET)

clean:
    -rm $(OBJ_FILES)
    -rm $(C_OBJ_FILES)

$(DEP_DIR)/%.d:
    @mkdir -p $(@D)
.PRECIOUS: $(DEP_DIR)/%.d

include $(wildcard $(patsubst $(SRC_DIR)/%.cpp, $(DEP_DIR)/%.d, $(SRC_FILES)))
include $(wildcard $(patsubst $(SRC_DIR)/%.c, $(DEP_DIR)/%.d, $(C_SRC_FILES)))

Any help appreciated.

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3
  • 1
    Make sure you're using a hyphen, not an emdash. Commented Oct 9, 2024 at 1:56
  • Thank you so much. How did you even see the difference? I can see it now that I know to look for it. I have never heard of an mdash and have no idea how to type one or how it got there. I didn't think I made any changes in the make file. Commented Oct 9, 2024 at 2:43
  • ADL, I've been bitten by this sort of thing before when cut'n'pasting from web pages, where they don't always accurately maintain the characters. Commented Oct 9, 2024 at 7:55

1 Answer 1

Reset to default
1

The question has already been answered in the comments, but just to put the info in the proper box:

The problem is that the Makefile contains an en dash, U+2013, instead of a hyphen, U+002D. Consequently, the entire –lreadline is treated as the name of an input file, which (unsurprisingly) is not found. These two characters are visually identical in many fixed-width fonts.

One way to check this is to pass that line through hexdump -C:

$ echo 'LDFLAGS = -lpthread -L/usr/local/lib –lreadline -lcurl -lpigpio' | hexdump -C
00000000  4c 44 46 4c 41 47 53 20  3d 20 2d 6c 70 74 68 72  |LDFLAGS = -lpthr|
00000010  65 61 64 20 2d 4c 2f 75  73 72 2f 6c 6f 63 61 6c  |ead -L/usr/local|
00000020  2f 6c 69 62 20 e2 80 93  6c 72 65 61 64 6c 69 6e  |/lib ...lreadlin|
00000030  65 20 2d 6c 63 75 72 6c  20 2d 6c 70 69 67 70 69  |e -lcurl -lpigpi|
00000040  6f 0a                                             |o.|
00000042

In the above, e2 80 93 is the UTF-8 encoding of U+2013.

I speculate that someone put an example on the web that had passed through a program like MS-Word that "helpfully" substitutes certain characters, and that was in turn copied into the Makefile.

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