error when I try to update virtual box guest addition: Running update file "/bin/sh" on guest failed: VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR 5 [closed]

I have met the same error and solved by doing the steps indicated here.

In particular, the "paragraph 3":

NOTE: your guest additions must be the same version as your virtualbox.

• in your VM: cd /media/<MY_USER>/VBox_GAs_<VERSION_NUMBER>/

• in your "mother OS": virtualbox "mother window" top bar > help > about virtualbox

3 - retrying installing Virtualbox Guest Additions

sudo apt update

which returns no more warings, then

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)

then restart the VM via sudo reboot.

Then, from the VirtualBox topbar "Device" menu -> Click "Insert guest additions CD" (it does not seem like it does anything, but it does indeed)

finally

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
cd /mnt/cdrom
sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run 

go on when it asks if you want to install the guest additions even if they are already on the OS, and again restart the VM via sudo reboot.

Maybe you can solve the issue by installing the guest additions from within the guest system. The answer is largely based on https://askubuntu.com/questions/22743/how-do-i-install-guest-additions-in-a-virtualbox-vm. I am attaching a how-to for the installation of Poseidon 9 in which the procedure is covered.

1. Install the Microsoft Visual C++ 2019 Redistributable Package ( https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.x64.exe, https://www.debugpoint.com/virtualbox-needs-microsoft-visual-c/)
2. Install the Oracle VM Virtual Box 7.0.8 (https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads)
3. Download Poseidon 9 (https://sites.google.com/site/poseidonlinux/download)
4. Open the Virtual Box, create a new VM, select the ISO of Poseidon 9 for installation, install the Ubuntu version in the VM.
5. Restart the VM with Poseidon 9 and open up a terminal:
   • update the system: sudo apt-get update
   • upgrade the system: sudo apt-get upgrade
   • get the build-essential and dkms tools: sudo apt install build-essential dkms
   • get the guest additions from the repository (not the standard ones, they destroy everything): sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-additions-iso
   • make a new folder to mount the guest additions: sudo mkdir /mnt/iso
   • mount the iso file: sudo mount -o loop /usr/share/virtualbox/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso /mnt/iso
   • go to the mounted iso file: cd /mnt/iso
   • install: sh autorun.sh (maybe sudo?)
   • unmount the iso: sudo umount /mnt/iso/
6. Close the terminal and shut off the VM
7. Go the the settings in the Virtual Box and add a shared folder
8. Start the VM. Most likely you do not have user rights to work in the shared folder yet. So, open a terminal
   • Install a command line editor: sudo apt install vim
   • Edit the /etc/group file
   • go to directory: cd /etc/
   • open in editor: sudo vim group
   • press "i" to go to edit mode, search for the line "vboxsf:x:999" (at the end most likely") and alternate to "vboxsf:x:999:username" (replace username with your ubuntu user name).
   • press "ESC" to leave edit mode, type ":wq" to write the changes and quit.
9. Log off and on again.
10. Do what ever you want.

Firstly, make sure the guest addition version is compatible for the VM Box version.

Manual installing guest addition in Linux system.

1. Go to Devices > Insert Guest Additions CD Image from the VirtualBox menu.
2. Open a terminal inside the guest Linux OS and run the following command: sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
3. go to mount cd /mnt, and then run the installer sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
4. At the end reboot guest OS sudo reboot

If you confront a black screen problem after restarting OS, please check the display configuration in the VM Box setting.

1. In the VirtualBox Manager, select your virtual machine and click Settings.
2. Navigate to the Display tab and try the following: Increase Video Memory: Set it to at least 128 MB. Enable 3D Acceleration: Ensure that 3D Acceleration is checked. If 3D acceleration is already enabled and causing the issue, try disabling it and see if that resolves the black screen problem.
3. Save the changes and restart the guest OS.

If the black screen problem can't be resolved after display setting, you could try to remove guest addition and install it again. Normally after installing guest addition without restarting guest OS, the guest addition will start automatically, and the full screen will be activated automatically.