I would do this with a helper function for clarity. And it might be reusable.
create or replace function filter_jsonb_array(arr jsonb, fruit text)
returns jsonb language sql immutable as
$$
select coalesce
(
(select jsonb_agg(j) from jsonb_array_elements(arr) j where j ->> 'fruit' = fruit),
'[]'::jsonb
);
$$;
and then
select "Column_A", "Column_B", filter_jsonb_array("Column_JSONARRAY", 'Apple') from table_;
If you do not want a function then the function body can be placed directly into the select query.
select
"Column_A",
"Column_B",
coalesce
(
(select jsonb_agg(j) from jsonb_array_elements("Column_JSONARRAY") j where j ->> 'fruit' = 'Apple'),
'[]'::jsonb
) "Column_JSONARRAY"
from table_;