How to sort list of lists containing user defined objects

A slighty modified example, with a possible solution:

class Category:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.name

items = [
    [Category('State'), Category('County'), Category('Chicago')],
    [Category('Animal')],
    [Category('State'), Category('County')],
    [Category('Animal'), Category('Frog')],
    [Category('Animal'), Category('Fish'), Category('Dog')],
]

items.sort(key=lambda x: [item.name for item in x])
print(items)

results in

[[Animal], [Animal, Fish, Dog], [Animal, Frog], [State, County], [State, County, Chicago]]

This relies on the ability of Python to compare lists directly, provided the individual items in the list can be compared properly. For integers, floats and strings, that is not a problem. For a (basic) class, it is, since it not defined by default.

If you have access to the Category class (i.e., you wrote it yourself), you can override __eq__ and other magic comparison methods, which makes things a lot simpler (see e.g. Compare object instances for equality by their attributes ).

With help from the functools module:

from functools import total_ordering

@total_ordering 
class Category:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.name == other.name

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.name < other.name

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.name

And then simply:

items.sort()

(items as before).

With the same result: [[Animal], [Animal, Fish, Dog], [Animal, Frog], [State, County], [State, County, Chicago]].