Build static library for iOS (Device and Simulator) and use in XCode

Question

I'm new to XCode-/iOS-Development(not programming itself) and want to make some simple Apps to get used to it.

My current project is a simple QR-Code-Generation. For this task I want to use the Open Source Library libqrencode. ( http://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/index.en.html ) I did not use open source libraries in my older coding projects but I guess I understood most of the "mechanics" ;)

Until now I tried to build the static library and include it in my XCode-Project. But when compiling code using functions from the library I get Error-Messages.

1st Problem:

I try to build for iPhone-Device like this:

#### Build libqrencode for iPhoneOS


export DEVROOT=/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer
export HOST=arm-apple-darwin10
export TARGET=arm-apple-darwin10
export PREFIX=$HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Release-iphoneos

export AR=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ar
export CPP=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/cpp
export CXXPP=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/cpp
export CXX=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/arm-apple-darwin10-llvm-g++-4.2
export LD=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ld
export NM=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/nm
export RANLIB=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ranlib

./configure --prefix=$PREFIX --host=$HOST --target=$TARGET --disable-shared --enable-static

makedepend
make
make install

But when I include it in my XCode-Project and try to use two simple Functions from that library I get the following error:

Ld build/myQRencode.build/Release-iphoneos/myQRencode.build/Objects-normal/armv6/myQRencode normal armv6
cd /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode
setenv IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 4.2
setenv PATH "/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -arch armv6 -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS4.2.sdk -L/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/Release-iphoneos -L/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/libqrencode/Release-iphoneos/lib -F/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/Release-iphoneos -filelist /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/myQRencode.build/Release-iphoneos/myQRencode.build/Objects-normal/armv6/myQRencode.LinkFileList -dead_strip -miphoneos-version-min=4.2 -framework Foundation -framework UIKit -framework CoreGraphics -lqrencode -o /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/myQRencode.build/Release-iphoneos/myQRencode.build/Objects-normal/armv6/myQRencode

ld: warning: in /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/libqrencode/Release-iphoneos/lib/libqrencode.a, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (armv6)
Undefined symbols:
  "_QRcode_encodeString", referenced from:
      _main in main.o
  "_QRcode_free", referenced from:
      _main in main.o
ld: symbol(s) not found
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Ld build/myQRencode.build/Release-iphoneos/myQRencode.build/Objects-normal/armv7/myQRencode normal armv7
cd /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode
setenv IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 4.2
setenv PATH "/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -arch armv7 -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS4.2.sdk -L/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/Release-iphoneos -L/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/libqrencode/Release-iphoneos/lib -F/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/Release-iphoneos -filelist /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/myQRencode.build/Release-iphoneos/myQRencode.build/Objects-normal/armv7/myQRencode.LinkFileList -dead_strip -miphoneos-version-min=4.2 -framework Foundation -framework UIKit -framework CoreGraphics -lqrencode -o /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/myQRencode.build/Release-iphoneos/myQRencode.build/Objects-normal/armv7/myQRencode

ld: warning: in /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/libqrencode/Release-iphoneos/lib/libqrencode.a, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (armv7)
Undefined symbols:
  "_QRcode_encodeString", referenced from:
      _main in main.o
  "_QRcode_free", referenced from:
      _main in main.o
ld: symbol(s) not found
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

2nd Problem:

I try to build for iPhone-Device like this:

#### Build libqrencode for iPhone-Simulator


export DEVROOT=/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer
export HOST=i386-apple-darwin10
export TARGET=i386-apple-darwin10
export PREFIX=$HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator

export AR=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ar
export CPP=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/cpp
export CXXPP=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/cpp
export CXX=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/i686-apple-darwin10-llvm-g++-4.2
export LD=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ld
export NM=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/nm
export RANLIB=$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ranlib

./configure --prefix=$PREFIX --host=$HOST --target=$TARGET --disable-shared --enable-static

makedepend
make
make install

But when I include it in my XCode-Project and try to use two simple Functions from that library I get the following error (actually same error-message like above):

Ld build/Debug-iphonesimulator/myQRencode.app/myQRencode normal i386
cd /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode
setenv MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 10.6
setenv PATH "/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -arch i386 -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk -L/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/Debug-iphonesimulator -L/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator/lib -F/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/Debug-iphonesimulator -filelist /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/myQRencode.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/myQRencode.build/Objects-normal/i386/myQRencode.LinkFileList -mmacosx-version-min=10.6 -Xlinker -objc_abi_version -Xlinker 2 -framework Foundation -framework UIKit -framework CoreGraphics -lqrencode -o /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/build/Debug-iphonesimulator/myQRencode.app/myQRencode

ld: warning: in /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator/lib/libqrencode.a, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (i386)
Undefined symbols:
  "_QRcode_encodeString", referenced from:
      _main in main.o
  "_QRcode_free", referenced from:
      _main in main.o
ld: symbol(s) not found
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Question 1: I also tried HOST and TARGET to be set to i686, but that didn't work either (same error message). Unfortunately I only have "i686-apple-darwin10-llvm-g++-4.2" and similar ones, but no "i386-xxxx....". Is this the problem or what settings did I choose wrong?

Question 2: How do I check what target the library was built for? Is there a special command in bash? I remember when first time building libqrencode I needed to get libpng12. Until now I do not use any commands for creating PNGs but I did not rebuild it for the iPhone-Simulator nor the iPhone-Device. Will the libpng12-library still be linked by XCode and could this consequently be the source of error?

Any help appreciated. Sorry for the long post, but I wanted to be as thorough as possible. Thans allready!!

Added Infos:

I managed to build libpng12 for I386 using the following Configuration-Settings:

#! /bin/bash

#### Build libpng12 for iPhone-Simulator

unset CPATH
unset C_INCLUDE_PATH
unset CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
unset OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH
unset LIBS
unset DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH
unset DYLD_FALLBACK_FRAMEWORK_PATH

unset CPP
unset CXXPP
unset CC
unset CXX
unset LD
unset STRIP
unset CPPFLAGS
unset CFLAGS
unset CXXFLAGS
unset LDFLAGS
unset AS
unset ASCPP

export SDKVER="4.2"
export DEVROOT="/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer"
export SDKROOT="$DEVROOT/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator$SDKVER.sdk"

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig"
export PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR="$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
export PREFIX="$HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libpng12/Debug-iphonesimulator"
export AS="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/as"
export ASCPP="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/as"
export AR="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ar"
export RANLIB="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ranlib"
export CPPFLAGS="-miphoneos-version-min=$SDKVER -std=c99 -pipe -no-cpp-precomp -I$SDKROOT/usr/include -I$HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libpng12/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -I/usr/local/iphone-simulator-$SDKVER/include"
export CFLAGS="-miphoneos-version-min=$SDKVER -std=c99 -arch i386 -pipe -no-cpp-precomp --sysroot='$SDKROOT' -isystem $SDKROOT/usr/include -isystem $HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libpng12/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -isystem /usr/local/iphone-simulator-$SDKVER/include -m32"
export CXXFLAGS="-miphoneos-version-min=$SDKVER -std=c99 -arch i386 -pipe -no-cpp-precomp --sysroot='$SDKROOT' -isystem $SDKROOT/usr/include -isystem $HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libpng12/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -isystem /usr/local/iphone-simulator-$SDKVER/include"
export LDFLAGS="-miphoneos-version-min=$SDKVER -arch i386 --sysroot='$SDKROOT' -L$SDKROOT/usr/lib -L$HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libpng12/Debug-iphonesimulator/lib -L/usr/local/iphone-simulator-$SDKVER/lib"
export CPP="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/cpp"
export CXXCPP="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/cpp"
export CC="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/gcc-4.2"
export CXX="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/g++-4.2"
export LD="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ld"
export STRIP="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/strip"

./configure --prefix="$PREFIX" --host="i386-apple-darwin9" --enable-static --disable-shared

But when I try using similar/same settings for libqrencode I get following error:

make  all-recursive
Making all in .
/bin/sh ./libtool --tag=CC   --mode=link gcc  -Wall -miphoneos-version-min=4.2 -std=c99 -arch i386 -pipe -no-cpp-precomp --sysroot='/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk' -isystem /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/usr/include -isystem /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -isystem /usr/local/iphone-simulator-4.2/include -m32 -version-number 3:1:1 -miphoneos-version-min=4.2 -arch i386 --sysroot='/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk' -L/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/usr/lib -L/Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator/lib -L/usr/local/iphone-simulator-4.2/lib -m32 -o libqrencode.la -rpath /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator/lib qrencode.lo qrinput.lo bitstream.lo qrspec.lo rscode.lo split.lo mask.lo  
libtool: link: rm -fr  .libs/libqrencode.a
libtool: link: /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/ar cru .libs/libqrencode.a  qrencode.o qrinput.o bitstream.o qrspec.o rscode.o split.o mask.o
/Developer/usr/bin/ranlib: archive member: .libs/libqrencode.a(bitstream.o) cputype (16777223) does not match previous archive members cputype (7) (all members must match)
/Developer/usr/bin/ranlib: archive member: .libs/libqrencode.a(rscode.o) cputype (16777223) does not match previous archive members cputype (7) (all members must match)
/Developer/usr/bin/ranlib: archive member: .libs/libqrencode.a(split.o) cputype (16777223) does not match previous archive members cputype (7) (all members must match)
libtool: link: /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/ranlib .libs/libqrencode.a
/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/ranlib: archive member: .libs/libqrencode.a(bitstream.o) cputype (16777223) does not match previous archive members cputype (7) (all members must match)
/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/ranlib: archive member: .libs/libqrencode.a(rscode.o) cputype (16777223) does not match previous archive members cputype (7) (all members must match)
/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/ranlib: archive member: .libs/libqrencode.a(split.o) cputype (16777223) does not match previous archive members cputype (7) (all members must match)
make[2]: *** [libqrencode.la] Error 1
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2

While the environment variables look alright, the generated static library seems to not get recognized. Look at the output of the command otool -hv /Users/johnny/Desktop/MyProjects/myQRencode/libqrencode/Release-iphoneos/lib/libqrencode.a, does it list ARM and V6 or V7 in the second and third column of the output ? — DarkDust
– DarkDust, Commented Apr 12, 2011 at 12:10
thank you for that tip! NO, it lists "X86_64" for all entries. So it is obviously some error when building the library, but why? It seems quite obvious I try to define the correct cpuytype (target) with my configuration. BTW, same for the iPhone-Simulator-Library. — EliteTUM
– EliteTUM, Commented Apr 12, 2011 at 18:21
@EliteTUM: This suggests that it wasn't compiled with arm-apple-darwin10-llvm-g++-4.2. You'll need to check the generated Makefile (should be in a variable CC and/or CXX). — DarkDust
– DarkDust, Commented Apr 12, 2011 at 18:25
@DarkDust: at the end of ./configure .... I get CC = gccand CXX = /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/i686-apple-darwin10-llvm-g++-4.2 — EliteTUM
– EliteTUM, Commented Apr 12, 2011 at 19:17
@EliteTUM: Do you mean at the end configure's output ? If it's in the Makefile, then try editing it and set CC=/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/i686-apple-darwin10-llvm-gcc-4.2 — DarkDust
– DarkDust, Commented Apr 12, 2011 at 19:23

DarkDust · Accepted Answer · 2011-04-12 09:52:03Z

1

Sorry for not helping you with your compile problems, but it seems you have a much bigger issue: libqrencode is licensed under LGPL, and many consider it to be incompatible with Apple's terms (another article about GPL/LGPL being incompatible with Apple's terms). So you might put yourself at a legal risk by using libqrencode in your app.

answered Apr 12, 2011 at 9:52

DarkDust

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2 Comments

EliteTUM Over a year ago

Thanks for your very eye-opening advice. Once again I'm being reminded how much I hate License-questions :) But this should be just a (maybe) future problem since for the beginning I did not intend to publish the App in the Apple AppStore. As mentioned above, this partucular project of mine is rather meant as a "Start into working with XCode". Actually I even wanted to publish the whole source code anyway (since most work wasn't mine). But at least I now know that I will not have to think about submitting it to the AppStore in future any longer.

max Over a year ago

I've checked with the author and he confirmed that libqrencode can be used under a bsd-style license. if you make any more on it, i'd kick some back his way

EliteTUM · Accepted Answer · 2011-04-24 15:50:46Z

OK, finally I have time to finish this Question. The problem was solved before, I just used a wrong include Path. The library can be successfully created using some code like this:

#! /bin/bash

#### Build libqrencode for iPhone-Simulator

unset CPATH
unset C_INCLUDE_PATH
unset CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
unset OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH
unset LIBS
unset DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH
unset DYLD_FALLBACK_FRAMEWORK_PATH

export SDKVER="4.2"
export DEVROOT="/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer"
export SDKROOT="$DEVROOT/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator$SDKVER.sdk"

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig"
export PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR="$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
export PREFIX="$HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator"
export AS="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/as"
export ASCPP="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/as"
export AR="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ar"
export RANLIB="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ranlib"
export CPPFLAGS="-miphoneos-version-min=$SDKVER -std=c99 -pipe -no-cpp-precomp -I$SDKROOT/usr/include -I$HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -I/usr/local/iphone-simulator-$SDKVER/include -m32"
export CFLAGS="-miphoneos-version-min=$SDKVER -std=c99 -arch i386 -pipe -no-cpp-precomp --sysroot='$SDKROOT' -isystem $SDKROOT/usr/include -isystem $HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -isystem /usr/local/iphone-simulator-$SDKVER/include -m32"
export CXXFLAGS="-miphoneos-version-min=$SDKVER -std=c99 -arch i386 -pipe -no-cpp-precomp --sysroot='$SDKROOT' -isystem $SDKROOT/usr/include -isystem $HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -isystem /usr/local/iphone-simulator-$SDKVER/include -m32"
export LDFLAGS="-miphoneos-version-min=$SDKVER -arch i386 --sysroot='$SDKROOT' -L$SDKROOT/usr/lib -L$HOME/Desktop/MyProjects/cocoa/libqrencode/Debug-iphonesimulator/lib -L/usr/local/iphone-simulator-$SDKVER/lib -m32"
export CPP="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/cpp"
export CXXCPP="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/cpp"
export CC="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/gcc-4.2"
export CXX="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/g++-4.2"
export LD="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/ld"
export STRIP="$DEVROOT/usr/bin/strip"

./configure --prefix="$PREFIX" --host="i386-apple-darwin9" --enable-static --disable-shared

Thanks to DarkDust again for all your help!

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