python user-defined function need help to fix error

Question

I would like to write a python function as below:

import numpy as np
a = [[-0.17985, 0.178971],[-0.15312,0.226988]] 
(lambda x: x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1)(a)

Below is python error message:

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-8-78cecdd2fe9f> in <module>
----> 1 (lambda x: x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1)(a)

<ipython-input-8-78cecdd2fe9f> in <lambda>(x)
----> 1 (lambda x: x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1)(a)

TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'list' and 'int'

How do I fix this problem?

For example:

a = [[-0.17985, 0.178971],[-0.15312,0.226988]]

b = f(a)

expected output

b = [[-0.1646, 0.17897],[-0.14197, 0.22699]]

'>' not supported between instances of 'list' and 'int' - nobody knows why you are comparing that (supposedly matrix) list with 0. But it is what raises the error. — dmitry
– dmitry, Commented Apr 6, 2019 at 3:02
Thanks to give me response. Can you guide me how to write a python function to do element-wise operation if element x > 0 return x; otherwise, take exp(x)-1 — user2286499
– user2286499, Commented Apr 6, 2019 at 4:08

Austin · Accepted Answer · 2019-04-06 03:23:16Z

1

You are having a list of lists, so an additional iteration is required:

import numpy as np

a = [[-0.17985, 0.178971],[-0.15312,0.226988]]

f = lambda x: x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1

res = []
for x in a:
    lst = []
    for y in x:
        lst.append(f(y))
    res.append(lst)

print(res)
# [[-0.16460448865975663, 0.17897099999999999], [-0.14197324757693675, 0.226988]]

Since end result is a list, this problem can better be solved using a list-comprehension:

[[x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1 for x in y] for y in a]

Or with the defined lambda:

[[f(x) for x in y] for y in a]

edited Apr 6, 2019 at 3:23

answered Apr 6, 2019 at 3:12

Austin

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