Can PostgreSQL JOIN on jsonb array objects?

Question

I am considering switching to PostgreSQL, because of the JSON support. However, I am wondering, if the following would be possible with a single query:

Let's say there are two tables:

Table 1) organisations:

  ID (INT)  |  members (JSONB)                                        |
------------+---------------------------------------------------------|
     1      | [{ id: 23, role: "admin" }, { id: 24, role: "default" }]|
     2      | [{ id: 23, role: "user" }]

Table 2) users:

  ID (INT)  | name TEXT | email TEXT    |
------------+-----------+---------------|
     23     | Max       | [email protected] |
     24     | Joe       | [email protected] |

Now I want to get a result like this (all i have is the ID of the organisation [1]):

  ID (INT)  |  members (JSONB)                                       |
------------+--------------------------------------------------------|
     1      | [{ id: 23, name: "Max", email: "[email protected]", role: 
                "admin" },
               { id: 24, name: "Joe", email: "[email protected] ", role: 
                "default" }]
(1 row)

I know this is not what JSONB is intended for and that there is a better solution for storing this data in SQL, but I am just curious if it would be possible.

Thanks!

GMB · Accepted Answer · 2022-04-19 08:46:26Z

27

Yes it is possible to meet this requirement with Postgres. Here is a solution for 9.6 or higher.

SELECT o.id, JSON_AGG(
    JSON_BUILD_OBJECT(
        'id'    , u.id, 
        'name'  , u.name, 
        'email' , u.email, 
        'role'  , e.usr->'role'
    )
)
FROM organisations o
CROSS JOIN LATERAL JSONB_ARRAY_ELEMENTS(o.data) AS e(usr)
INNER JOIN users u ON (e.usr->'id')::text::int = u.id
GROUP BY o.id

See this db fiddle.

Explanation :

the JSONB_ARRAY_ELEMENTS function splits the organisation json array into rows (one per user) ; it is usually used in combination with JOIN LATERAL
to join the users table, we access the content of the id field using the -> operator
for each user, the JSONB_BUILD_OBJECT is used to create a new object, by passing a list of values/keys pairs ; most values comes from the users table, excepted the role, that is taken from the organisation json element
the query aggregates by organisation id, using JSONB_AGG to generate a json array by combining above objects

For more information, you may also have a look at Postgres JSON Functions documentation.

edited Apr 19, 2022 at 8:46

answered Jan 24, 2019 at 0:36

GMB

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1 Comment

Victor Over a year ago

Is INNER JOIN LATERAL JSONB_ARRAY_ELEMENTS(o.data) AS e(usr) ON TRUE equivalent to CROSS JOIN LATERAL JSONB_ARRAY_ELEMENTS(o.data) AS e(usr)?

sticky bit · Accepted Answer · 2019-01-24 00:33:05Z

There might be more ways to do that. One way would use jsonb_to_recordset() to transform the JSON into a record set you can join. Then create a JSON from the result using jsonb_build_object() for the individual members and jsonb_agg() to aggregate them in a JSON array.

SELECT jsonb_agg(jsonb_build_object('id', "u"."id",
                                    'name', "u"."name",
                                    'email', "u"."email",
                                    'role', "m"."role"))
       FROM "organisations" "o"
            CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_to_recordset(o."members") "m" ("id" integer,
                                                                    "role" text)
            INNER JOIN "users" "u"
                       ON "u"."id" = "m"."id";

db<>fiddle

What functions are available in detail depends on the version. But since you said you consider switching, assuming a more recent version should be fair.

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