Boost Python Numpy - Undefined reference to initialize

Question

I am having problems when linking the following code:

#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <boost/python/numpy.hpp>

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE (MyLibrary)
{

    Py_Initialize() ;
    boost::python::numpy::initialize() ;

    ...

}

which returns:

undefined reference to `boost::python::numpy::initialize(bool)'

I am using Boost 1.68 with Python 3.6, compiled as follows:

./bootstrap.sh --with-python=/usr/bin/python3 --with-python-version=3.6 --with-python-root=/usr/lib/python3.6
./b2 --with-python link=shared install

And I am linking using:

/usr/bin/c++ -shared
-o MyLibrary.so
MyLibrary.cpp.o
-L/usr/local/lib
-lpython3.6m
/usr/local/lib/libboost_python36.so

Any idea...?

Numpy routines are built into a separate library e.g. libboost_numpy.so. Check if that has actually been built, i believe it's built automatically if it (and the development headers etc) are installed in your python environment. — ChrisD
– ChrisD, Commented Sep 19, 2018 at 22:01
Do you know what headers are supposed to be present? No libboost_numpy.so has been built in my case, and I didn’t find any option or documentation in b2. — Lucas
– Lucas, Commented Sep 19, 2018 at 22:36

Lucas · Accepted Answer · 2018-09-20 05:52:37Z

4

The solution was to install the python3-numpy package first, otherwise libboost_numpy.so does not get generated.

End of the story!

answered Sep 20, 2018 at 5:52

Lucas

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2 Comments

miles.sherman Over a year ago

you're a legend lucas, very helpful

Aaron Swan Over a year ago

Thanks! This pointed me in the right direction. This seemed to resolve the problem in my case on Ubuntu 22.04: sudo apt install --reinstall libboost-numpy-dev libboost-numpy1.74-dev libboost-numpy1.74.0 python3-numpy

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