This a TypeScript issue at all.
You are missing a polyfill.
As a transpiler, TypeScript transforms syntactic constructs so as to represent their behavior but it does not provide runtime libraries.
Install an es6-symbol polyfill like this one with your package manager of choice and everything will be well.
Symbol is a library, and outside the scope of transpilation in general, at least from the TypeScript team's perspective.
Part of the motivation for this is that you can choose your own polyfill implementations, giving you flexibility. Another that comes to mind is that a transpiler is often invoked well before it would have sufficient information to know if it could exclude a polyfill.
Note: Your --target is set to es2015 but you are experiencing difficulties on some platforms due to libraries that were specified in es2015 not being provided by the runtime. I strongly advise that you lower use --target es5 for the time being.
One more thing I suggest is being consistent in your config terminology.
"target": "es2015",
"lib": ["dom", "es7"],
is confusing and should be changed to
"target": "es2015",
"lib": ["dom", "es2016"],
for the sake of the reader
Symbolbased on the target