As for builtin VS Code features at the time of this writing for window layout, the best you can get is along the lines of the following commands in the command palette (a couple of "hardcoded" presets):
View: Two Rows Editor Layout
View: Two Rows Right Editor Layout
View: Three Rows Editor Layout
View: Single Column Editor Layout
View: Toggle Centered Layout
View: Two Columns Editor Layout
View: Two Columns Bottom Editor Layout
View: Three Columns Editor Layout
View: Grid Editor Layout (2x2)
You can also change the keybindings for those things using the following command IDs:
workbench.action.editorLayoutSingle
workbench.action.editorLayoutThreeColumns
workbench.action.editorLayoutThreeRows
workbench.action.editorLayoutTwoByTwoGrid
workbench.action.editorLayoutTwoColumns
workbench.action.editorLayoutTwoColumnsBottom
workbench.action.editorLayoutTwoRows
workbench.action.editorLayoutTwoRowsRight
There have been several requests in the past to get a layout store/recall feature added to VS Code, which are all now closed (I don't think this is an exhaustive list):
As for non-builtin solutions for window layout, you could look for extensions provided related features. I've seen several people mention ctf0.save-editors-layout (I have no affiliation with this extension). I haven't tried it for myself so I'm not necessarily vouching for it- just mentioning it.
As for saving and restoring open editors, see In VS Code, Store a group of file tabs so that I can restore a specific environment in the future.