The header.phtml is the view script of the layout. This is set on the 'root' view model instance and allows variables to be assigned to it just like the ViewModel instance returned from your controller actions.
These variables are extracted in the view, allowing the following to be used in the header.phtml file.
echo $this->face_login_url
echo $face_login_url;
The second line is a call to the Layout View Helper.
This helper allows easy access to the layout or 'root' view model (the same ViewModel instance that is used when rendering header.phtml). Therefore, the second line is actually accessing the same variable. To avoid unnecessary overhead this should only need to be used outside of header.phtml.
echo $this->layout()->face_login_url;