PHP function to make slug (URL string)

Update

Since this answer is getting some attention, I'm adding some explanation.

The solution provided will essentially replace everything except A-Z, a-z, 0-9, & - (hyphen) with - (hyphen). So, it won't work properly with other unicode characters (which are valid characters for a URL slug/string). A common scenario is when the input string contains non-English characters.

Only use this solution if you're confident that the input string won't have unicode characters which you might want to be a part of output/slug.

Eg. "नारी शक्ति" will become "----------" (all hyphens) instead of "नारी-शक्ति" (valid URL slug).

Answer

$slug = strtolower(trim(preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9-]+/', '-', $string)));

If you have intl extension installed, you can use Transliterator::transliterate function to create a slug easily.

$string = 'Namnet på bildtävlingen';

$rules = <<<'RULES'
    :: Any-Latin;
    :: NFD;
    :: [:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove;
    :: NFC;
    :: [^-[:^Punctuation:]] Remove;
    :: Lower();
    [:^L:] { [-] > ;
    [-] } [:^L:] > ;
    [-[:Separator:]]+ > '-';
RULES;

$slug = \Transliterator::createFromRules($rules)
    ->transliterate( $string );

echo $slug; // namnet-pa-bildtavlingen

demo

Note that this solution works whatever the alphabet and is highly flexible.

Note: I have taken this from wordpress and it works!!

Use it like this:

echo sanitize('testing this link');

Code

//taken from wordpress
function utf8_uri_encode( $utf8_string, $length = 0 ) {
    $unicode = '';
    $values = array();
    $num_octets = 1;
    $unicode_length = 0;

    $string_length = strlen( $utf8_string );
    for ($i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++ ) {

        $value = ord( $utf8_string[ $i ] );

        if ( $value < 128 ) {
            if ( $length && ( $unicode_length >= $length ) )
                break;
            $unicode .= chr($value);
            $unicode_length++;
        } else {
            if ( count( $values ) == 0 ) $num_octets = ( $value < 224 ) ? 2 : 3;

            $values[] = $value;

            if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + ($num_octets * 3) ) > $length )
                break;
            if ( count( $values ) == $num_octets ) {
                if ($num_octets == 3) {
                    $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]) . '%' . dechex($values[2]);
                    $unicode_length += 9;
                } else {
                    $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]);
                    $unicode_length += 6;
                }

                $values = array();
                $num_octets = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    return $unicode;
}

//taken from wordpress
function seems_utf8($str) {
    $length = strlen($str);
    for ($i=0; $i < $length; $i++) {
        $c = ord($str[$i]);
        if ($c < 0x80) $n = 0; # 0bbbbbbb
        elseif (($c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) $n=1; # 110bbbbb
        elseif (($c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) $n=2; # 1110bbbb
        elseif (($c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) $n=3; # 11110bbb
        elseif (($c & 0xFC) == 0xF8) $n=4; # 111110bb
        elseif (($c & 0xFE) == 0xFC) $n=5; # 1111110b
        else return false; # Does not match any model
        for ($j=0; $j<$n; $j++) { # n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow ?
            if ((++$i == $length) || ((ord($str[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80))
                return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

//function sanitize_title_with_dashes taken from wordpress
function sanitize($title) {
    $title = strip_tags($title);
    // Preserve escaped octets.
    $title = preg_replace('|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '---$1---', $title);
    // Remove percent signs that are not part of an octet.
    $title = str_replace('%', '', $title);
    // Restore octets.
    $title = preg_replace('|---([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])---|', '%$1', $title);

    if (seems_utf8($title)) {
        if (function_exists('mb_strtolower')) {
            $title = mb_strtolower($title, 'UTF-8');
        }
        $title = utf8_uri_encode($title, 200);
    }

    $title = strtolower($title);
    $title = preg_replace('/&.+?;/', '', $title); // kill entities
    $title = str_replace('.', '-', $title);
    $title = preg_replace('/[^%a-z0-9 _-]/', '', $title);
    $title = preg_replace('/\s+/', '-', $title);
    $title = preg_replace('|-+|', '-', $title);
    $title = trim($title, '-');

    return $title;
}

It is always a good idea to use existing solutions that are being supported by a lot of high-level developers. The most popular one is https://github.com/cocur/slugify. First of all, it supports more than one language, and it is being updated.

If you do not want to use the whole package, you can copy the part that you need.

Here is an other one, for example " Title with strange characters ééé A X Z" becomes "title-with-strange-characters-eee-a-x-z".

/**
 * Function used to create a slug associated to an "ugly" string.
 *
 * @param string $string the string to transform.
 *
 * @return string the resulting slug.
 */
public static function createSlug($string) {

    $table = array(
            'Š'=>'S', 'š'=>'s', 'Đ'=>'Dj', 'đ'=>'dj', 'Ž'=>'Z', 'ž'=>'z', 'Č'=>'C', 'č'=>'c', 'Ć'=>'C', 'ć'=>'c',
            'À'=>'A', 'Á'=>'A', 'Â'=>'A', 'Ã'=>'A', 'Ä'=>'A', 'Å'=>'A', 'Æ'=>'A', 'Ç'=>'C', 'È'=>'E', 'É'=>'E',
            'Ê'=>'E', 'Ë'=>'E', 'Ì'=>'I', 'Í'=>'I', 'Î'=>'I', 'Ï'=>'I', 'Ñ'=>'N', 'Ò'=>'O', 'Ó'=>'O', 'Ô'=>'O',
            'Õ'=>'O', 'Ö'=>'O', 'Ø'=>'O', 'Ù'=>'U', 'Ú'=>'U', 'Û'=>'U', 'Ü'=>'U', 'Ý'=>'Y', 'Þ'=>'B', 'ß'=>'Ss',
            'à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'â'=>'a', 'ã'=>'a', 'ä'=>'a', 'å'=>'a', 'æ'=>'a', 'ç'=>'c', 'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e',
            'ê'=>'e', 'ë'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', 'î'=>'i', 'ï'=>'i', 'ð'=>'o', 'ñ'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o',
            'ô'=>'o', 'õ'=>'o', 'ö'=>'o', 'ø'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u', 'ú'=>'u', 'û'=>'u', 'ý'=>'y', 'ý'=>'y', 'þ'=>'b',
            'ÿ'=>'y', 'Ŕ'=>'R', 'ŕ'=>'r', '/' => '-', ' ' => '-'
    );

    // -- Remove duplicated spaces
    $stripped = preg_replace(array('/\s{2,}/', '/[\t\n]/'), ' ', $string);

    // -- Returns the slug
    return strtolower(strtr($string, $table));


}

public static function slugify ($text) {

    $replace = [
        '<' => '', '>' => '', ''' => '', '&' => '',
        '"' => '', 'À' => 'A', 'Á' => 'A', 'Â' => 'A', 'Ã' => 'A', 'Ä'=> 'Ae',
        'Ä' => 'A', 'Å' => 'A', 'Ā' => 'A', 'Ą' => 'A', 'Ă' => 'A', 'Æ' => 'Ae',
        'Ç' => 'C', 'Ć' => 'C', 'Č' => 'C', 'Ĉ' => 'C', 'Ċ' => 'C', 'Ď' => 'D', 'Đ' => 'D',
        'Ð' => 'D', 'È' => 'E', 'É' => 'E', 'Ê' => 'E', 'Ë' => 'E', 'Ē' => 'E',
        'Ę' => 'E', 'Ě' => 'E', 'Ĕ' => 'E', 'Ė' => 'E', 'Ĝ' => 'G', 'Ğ' => 'G',
        'Ġ' => 'G', 'Ģ' => 'G', 'Ĥ' => 'H', 'Ħ' => 'H', 'Ì' => 'I', 'Í' => 'I',
        'Î' => 'I', 'Ï' => 'I', 'Ī' => 'I', 'Ĩ' => 'I', 'Ĭ' => 'I', 'Į' => 'I',
        'İ' => 'I', 'IJ' => 'IJ', 'Ĵ' => 'J', 'Ķ' => 'K', 'Ł' => 'K', 'Ľ' => 'K',
        'Ĺ' => 'K', 'Ļ' => 'K', 'Ŀ' => 'K', 'Ñ' => 'N', 'Ń' => 'N', 'Ň' => 'N',
        'Ņ' => 'N', 'Ŋ' => 'N', 'Ò' => 'O', 'Ó' => 'O', 'Ô' => 'O', 'Õ' => 'O',
        'Ö' => 'Oe', 'Ö' => 'Oe', 'Ø' => 'O', 'Ō' => 'O', 'Ő' => 'O', 'Ŏ' => 'O',
        'Œ' => 'OE', 'Ŕ' => 'R', 'Ř' => 'R', 'Ŗ' => 'R', 'Ś' => 'S', 'Š' => 'S',
        'Ş' => 'S', 'Ŝ' => 'S', 'Ș' => 'S', 'Ť' => 'T', 'Ţ' => 'T', 'Ŧ' => 'T',
        'Ț' => 'T', 'Ù' => 'U', 'Ú' => 'U', 'Û' => 'U', 'Ü' => 'Ue', 'Ū' => 'U',
        'Ü' => 'Ue', 'Ů' => 'U', 'Ű' => 'U', 'Ŭ' => 'U', 'Ũ' => 'U', 'Ų' => 'U',
        'Ŵ' => 'W', 'Ý' => 'Y', 'Ŷ' => 'Y', 'Ÿ' => 'Y', 'Ź' => 'Z', 'Ž' => 'Z',
        'Ż' => 'Z', 'Þ' => 'T', 'à' => 'a', 'á' => 'a', 'â' => 'a', 'ã' => 'a',
        'ä' => 'ae', 'ä' => 'ae', 'å' => 'a', 'ā' => 'a', 'ą' => 'a', 'ă' => 'a',
        'æ' => 'ae', 'ç' => 'c', 'ć' => 'c', 'č' => 'c', 'ĉ' => 'c', 'ċ' => 'c',
        'ď' => 'd', 'đ' => 'd', 'ð' => 'd', 'è' => 'e', 'é' => 'e', 'ê' => 'e',
        'ë' => 'e', 'ē' => 'e', 'ę' => 'e', 'ě' => 'e', 'ĕ' => 'e', 'ė' => 'e',
        'ƒ' => 'f', 'ĝ' => 'g', 'ğ' => 'g', 'ġ' => 'g', 'ģ' => 'g', 'ĥ' => 'h',
        'ħ' => 'h', 'ì' => 'i', 'í' => 'i', 'î' => 'i', 'ï' => 'i', 'ī' => 'i',
        'ĩ' => 'i', 'ĭ' => 'i', 'į' => 'i', 'ı' => 'i', 'ij' => 'ij', 'ĵ' => 'j',
        'ķ' => 'k', 'ĸ' => 'k', 'ł' => 'l', 'ľ' => 'l', 'ĺ' => 'l', 'ļ' => 'l',
        'ŀ' => 'l', 'ñ' => 'n', 'ń' => 'n', 'ň' => 'n', 'ņ' => 'n', 'ʼn' => 'n',
        'ŋ' => 'n', 'ò' => 'o', 'ó' => 'o', 'ô' => 'o', 'õ' => 'o', 'ö' => 'oe',
        'ö' => 'oe', 'ø' => 'o', 'ō' => 'o', 'ő' => 'o', 'ŏ' => 'o', 'œ' => 'oe',
        'ŕ' => 'r', 'ř' => 'r', 'ŗ' => 'r', 'š' => 's', 'ù' => 'u', 'ú' => 'u',
        'û' => 'u', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ū' => 'u', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ů' => 'u', 'ű' => 'u',
        'ŭ' => 'u', 'ũ' => 'u', 'ų' => 'u', 'ŵ' => 'w', 'ý' => 'y', 'ÿ' => 'y',
        'ŷ' => 'y', 'ž' => 'z', 'ż' => 'z', 'ź' => 'z', 'þ' => 't', 'ß' => 'ss',
        'ſ' => 'ss', 'ый' => 'iy', 'А' => 'A', 'Б' => 'B', 'В' => 'V', 'Г' => 'G',
        'Д' => 'D', 'Е' => 'E', 'Ё' => 'YO', 'Ж' => 'ZH', 'З' => 'Z', 'И' => 'I',
        'Й' => 'Y', 'К' => 'K', 'Л' => 'L', 'М' => 'M', 'Н' => 'N', 'О' => 'O',
        'П' => 'P', 'Р' => 'R', 'С' => 'S', 'Т' => 'T', 'У' => 'U', 'Ф' => 'F',
        'Х' => 'H', 'Ц' => 'C', 'Ч' => 'CH', 'Ш' => 'SH', 'Щ' => 'SCH', 'Ъ' => '',
        'Ы' => 'Y', 'Ь' => '', 'Э' => 'E', 'Ю' => 'YU', 'Я' => 'YA', 'а' => 'a',
        'б' => 'b', 'в' => 'v', 'г' => 'g', 'д' => 'd', 'е' => 'e', 'ё' => 'yo',
        'ж' => 'zh', 'з' => 'z', 'и' => 'i', 'й' => 'y', 'к' => 'k', 'л' => 'l',
        'м' => 'm', 'н' => 'n', 'о' => 'o', 'п' => 'p', 'р' => 'r', 'с' => 's',
        'т' => 't', 'у' => 'u', 'ф' => 'f', 'х' => 'h', 'ц' => 'c', 'ч' => 'ch',
        'ш' => 'sh', 'щ' => 'sch', 'ъ' => '', 'ы' => 'y', 'ь' => '', 'э' => 'e',
        'ю' => 'yu', 'я' => 'ya'
    ];

    // make a human readable string
    $text = strtr($text, $replace);

    // replace non letter or digits by -
    $text = preg_replace('~[^\\pL\d.]+~u', '-', $text);

    // trim
    $text = trim($text, '-');

    // remove unwanted characters
    $text = preg_replace('~[^-\w.]+~', '', $text);

    $text = strtolower($text);

    return $text;
}

There are already many answers here, so I almost don't want to add another one, but none of the functions did everything I needed.

The best basis for me was function number 3 where their speed was compared. I added/fixed some replacements so

1. ' is just deleted,
2. . is replaced by -,
3. α is replaced by a,
4. ẞ is replaced by b,
5. Ł (and similar) is replaced by L instead of K, and
6. € and $ signs are replaced with eur and usd respectively (add more on necessity).

Optionally you can add '&' => '-and-', but SEO advises against usage of conjunctions (#8), so I left it out for my use-case. (this function doesn't strip existing ands and ors from the string though)

I also added a line of code to fix double dash in this weird string I came up with, as well as an optional parameter to limit slug's length.

Code

<?php
function slugify($text, $length = null)
{
    $replacements = [
        '<' => '', '>' => '', '-' => ' ', '&' => '', '"' => '', 'À' => 'A', 'Á' => 'A', 'Â' => 'A', 'Ã' => 'A', 'Ä' => 'Ae', 'Ä' => 'A', 'Å' => 'A', 'Ā' => 'A', 'Ą' => 'A', 'Ă' => 'A', 'Æ' => 'Ae', 'Ç' => 'C', "'" => '', 'Ć' => 'C', 'Č' => 'C', 'Ĉ' => 'C', 'Ċ' => 'C', 'Ď' => 'D', 'Đ' => 'D', 'Ð' => 'D', 'È' => 'E', 'É' => 'E', 'Ê' => 'E', 'Ë' => 'E', 'Ē' => 'E', 'Ę' => 'E', 'Ě' => 'E', 'Ĕ' => 'E', 'Ė' => 'E', 'Ĝ' => 'G', 'Ğ' => 'G', 'Ġ' => 'G', 'Ģ' => 'G', 'Ĥ' => 'H', 'Ħ' => 'H', 'Ì' => 'I', 'Í' => 'I', 'Î' => 'I', 'Ï' => 'I', 'Ī' => 'I', 'Ĩ' => 'I', 'Ĭ' => 'I', 'Į' => 'I', 'İ' => 'I', 'IJ' => 'IJ', 'Ĵ' => 'J', 'Ķ' => 'K', 'Ł' => 'L', 'Ľ' => 'L', 'Ĺ' => 'L', 'Ļ' => 'L', 'Ŀ' => 'L', 'Ñ' => 'N', 'Ń' => 'N', 'Ň' => 'N', 'Ņ' => 'N', 'Ŋ' => 'N', 'Ò' => 'O', 'Ó' => 'O', 'Ô' => 'O', 'Õ' => 'O', 'Ö' => 'Oe', 'Ö' => 'Oe', 'Ø' => 'O', 'Ō' => 'O', 'Ő' => 'O', 'Ŏ' => 'O', 'Œ' => 'OE', 'Ŕ' => 'R', 'Ř' => 'R', 'Ŗ' => 'R', 'Ś' => 'S', 'Š' => 'S', 'Ş' => 'S', 'Ŝ' => 'S', 'Ș' => 'S', 'Ť' => 'T', 'Ţ' => 'T', 'Ŧ' => 'T', 'Ț' => 'T', 'Ù' => 'U', 'Ú' => 'U', 'Û' => 'U', 'Ü' => 'Ue', 'Ū' => 'U', 'Ü' => 'Ue', 'Ů' => 'U', 'Ű' => 'U', 'Ŭ' => 'U', 'Ũ' => 'U', 'Ų' => 'U', 'Ŵ' => 'W', 'Ý' => 'Y', 'Ŷ' => 'Y', 'Ÿ' => 'Y', 'Ź' => 'Z', 'Ž' => 'Z', 'Ż' => 'Z', 'Þ' => 'T', 'à' => 'a', 'á' => 'a', 'â' => 'a', 'ã' => 'a', 'ä' => 'ae', 'ä' => 'ae', 'å' => 'a', 'ā' => 'a', 'ą' => 'a', 'ă' => 'a', 'æ' => 'ae', 'ç' => 'c', 'ć' => 'c', 'č' => 'c', 'ĉ' => 'c', 'ċ' => 'c', 'ď' => 'd', 'đ' => 'd', 'ð' => 'd', 'è' => 'e', 'é' => 'e', 'ê' => 'e', 'ë' => 'e', 'ē' => 'e', 'ę' => 'e', 'ě' => 'e', 'ĕ' => 'e', 'ė' => 'e', 'ƒ' => 'f', 'ĝ' => 'g', 'ğ' => 'g', 'ġ' => 'g', 'ģ' => 'g', 'ĥ' => 'h', 'ħ' => 'h', 'ì' => 'i', 'í' => 'i', 'î' => 'i', 'ï' => 'i', 'ī' => 'i', 'ĩ' => 'i', 'ĭ' => 'i', 'į' => 'i', 'ı' => 'i', 'ij' => 'ij', 'ĵ' => 'j', 'ķ' => 'k', 'ĸ' => 'k', 'ł' => 'l', 'ľ' => 'l', 'ĺ' => 'l', 'ļ' => 'l', 'ŀ' => 'l', 'ñ' => 'n', 'ń' => 'n', 'ň' => 'n', 'ņ' => 'n', 'ʼn' => 'n', 'ŋ' => 'n', 'ò' => 'o', 'ó' => 'o', 'ô' => 'o', 'õ' => 'o', 'ö' => 'oe', 'ö' => 'oe', 'ø' => 'o', 'ō' => 'o', 'ő' => 'o', 'ŏ' => 'o', 'œ' => 'oe', 'ŕ' => 'r', 'ř' => 'r', 'ŗ' => 'r', 'š' => 's', 'ś' => 's', 'ù' => 'u', 'ú' => 'u', 'û' => 'u', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ū' => 'u', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ů' => 'u', 'ű' => 'u', 'ŭ' => 'u', 'ũ' => 'u', 'ų' => 'u', 'ŵ' => 'w', 'ý' => 'y', 'ÿ' => 'y', 'ŷ' => 'y', 'ž' => 'z', 'ż' => 'z', 'ź' => 'z', 'þ' => 't', 'α' => 'a', 'ß' => 'ss', 'ẞ' => 'b', 'ſ' => 'ss', 'ый' => 'iy', 'А' => 'A', 'Б' => 'B', 'В' => 'V', 'Г' => 'G', 'Д' => 'D', 'Е' => 'E', 'Ё' => 'YO', 'Ж' => 'ZH', 'З' => 'Z', 'И' => 'I', 'Й' => 'Y', 'К' => 'K', 'Л' => 'L', 'М' => 'M', 'Н' => 'N', 'О' => 'O', 'П' => 'P', 'Р' => 'R', 'С' => 'S', 'Т' => 'T', 'У' => 'U', 'Ф' => 'F', 'Х' => 'H', 'Ц' => 'C', 'Ч' => 'CH', 'Ш' => 'SH', 'Щ' => 'SCH', 'Ъ' => '', 'Ы' => 'Y', 'Ь' => '', 'Э' => 'E', 'Ю' => 'YU', 'Я' => 'YA', 'а' => 'a', 'б' => 'b', 'в' => 'v', 'г' => 'g', 'д' => 'd', 'е' => 'e', 'ё' => 'yo', 'ж' => 'zh', 'з' => 'z', 'и' => 'i', 'й' => 'y', 'к' => 'k', 'л' => 'l', 'м' => 'm', 'н' => 'n', 'о' => 'o', 'п' => 'p', 'р' => 'r', 'с' => 's', 'т' => 't', 'у' => 'u', 'ф' => 'f', 'х' => 'h', 'ц' => 'c', 'ч' => 'ch', 'ш' => 'sh', 'щ' => 'sch', 'ъ' => '', 'ы' => 'y', 'ь' => '', 'э' => 'e', 'ю' => 'yu', 'я' => 'ya', '.' => '-', '€' => '-eur-', '$' => '-usd-'
    ];
    // Replace non-ascii characters
    $text = strtr($text, $replacements);
    // Replace non letter or digits with "-"
    $text = preg_replace('~[^\pL\d.]+~u', '-', $text);
    // Replace unwanted characters with "-"
    $text = preg_replace('~[^-\w.]+~', '-', $text);
    // Trim "-"
    $text = trim($text, '-');
    // Remove duplicate "-"
    $text = preg_replace('~-+~', '-', $text);
    // Convert to lowercase
    $text = strtolower($text);
    // Limit length
    if (isset($length) && $length < strlen($text))
        $text = rtrim(substr($text, 0, $length), '-');

    return $text;
}
$text = "--- You can't misuse me! Or can-ya? ČĆŽŠĐ÷×ߤ_.,:;-!\"#$%&/()=?*~ˇ^˘°˛`˙´˝¨¸¸¨Łł€\|@{}[] ¿ Àñdréß l'affreux ğarçon & nøël en forêt ! Andrés Cortez EFI收购Cretaprint Étienne";
echo "text\n$text\n\nslug\n".slugify($text);

Output

text
--- You can't misuse me! Or can-ya? ČĆŽŠĐ÷×ߤ_.,:;-!"#$%&/()=?*~ˇ^˘°˛`˙´˝¨¸¸¨Łł€\|@{}[] ¿ Àñdréß l'affreux ğarçon & nøël en forêt ! Andrés Cortez EFI收购Cretaprint Étienne

slug
you-cant-misuse-me-or-can-ya-cczsd-ss-usd-ll-eur-andress-laffreux-garcon-noel-en-foret-andres-cortez-efi-cretaprint-etienne

Note

It also works for OP's case for converting 'Andrés Cortez' to 'andres-cortez' and all other examples I have found in this thread, except this character which is beyond me: 𐐷.

I'll be thrilled to know about bugs you found (hopefully accompanied with suggestions).

An updated version of @Imran Omar Bukhsh code (from the latest Wordpress (4.0) branch):

<?php

// Add methods to slugify taken from Wordpress:
// - https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/master/wp-includes/formatting.php 
// - https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/master/wp-includes/functions.php

/**
 * Set the mbstring internal encoding to a binary safe encoding when func_overload
 * is enabled.
 *
 * When mbstring.func_overload is in use for multi-byte encodings, the results from
 * strlen() and similar functions respect the utf8 characters, causing binary data
 * to return incorrect lengths.
 *
 * This function overrides the mbstring encoding to a binary-safe encoding, and
 * resets it to the users expected encoding afterwards through the
 * `reset_mbstring_encoding` function.
 *
 * It is safe to recursively call this function, however each
 * `mbstring_binary_safe_encoding()` call must be followed up with an equal number
 * of `reset_mbstring_encoding()` calls.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 *
 * @see reset_mbstring_encoding()
 *
 * @param bool $reset Optional. Whether to reset the encoding back to a previously-set encoding.
 *                    Default false.
 */
function mbstring_binary_safe_encoding( $reset = false ) {
  static $encodings = array();
  static $overloaded = null;

  if ( is_null( $overloaded ) )
    $overloaded = function_exists( 'mb_internal_encoding' ) && ( ini_get( 'mbstring.func_overload' ) & 2 );

  if ( false === $overloaded )
    return;

  if ( ! $reset ) {
    $encoding = mb_internal_encoding();
    array_push( $encodings, $encoding );
    mb_internal_encoding( 'ISO-8859-1' );
  }

  if ( $reset && $encodings ) {
    $encoding = array_pop( $encodings );
    mb_internal_encoding( $encoding );
  }
}

/**
 * Reset the mbstring internal encoding to a users previously set encoding.
 *
 * @see mbstring_binary_safe_encoding()
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 */
function reset_mbstring_encoding() {
  mbstring_binary_safe_encoding( true );
}


/**
 * Checks to see if a string is utf8 encoded.
 *
 * NOTE: This function checks for 5-Byte sequences, UTF8
 *       has Bytes Sequences with a maximum length of 4.
 *
 * @author bmorel at ssi dot fr (modified)
 * @since 1.2.1
 *
 * @param string $str The string to be checked
 * @return bool True if $str fits a UTF-8 model, false otherwise.
 */
function seems_utf8($str) {
  mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
  $length = strlen($str);
  reset_mbstring_encoding();
  for ($i=0; $i < $length; $i++) {
    $c = ord($str[$i]);
    if ($c < 0x80) $n = 0; # 0bbbbbbb
    elseif (($c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) $n=1; # 110bbbbb
    elseif (($c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) $n=2; # 1110bbbb
    elseif (($c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) $n=3; # 11110bbb
    elseif (($c & 0xFC) == 0xF8) $n=4; # 111110bb
    elseif (($c & 0xFE) == 0xFC) $n=5; # 1111110b
    else return false; # Does not match any model
    for ($j=0; $j<$n; $j++) { # n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow ?
      if ((++$i == $length) || ((ord($str[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80))
        return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}


/**
 * Encode the Unicode values to be used in the URI.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $utf8_string
 * @param int $length Max length of the string
 * @return string String with Unicode encoded for URI.
 */
function utf8_uri_encode( $utf8_string, $length = 0 ) {
  $unicode = '';
  $values = array();
  $num_octets = 1;
  $unicode_length = 0;

  mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
  $string_length = strlen( $utf8_string );
  reset_mbstring_encoding();

  for ($i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++ ) {

    $value = ord( $utf8_string[ $i ] );

    if ( $value < 128 ) {
      if ( $length && ( $unicode_length >= $length ) )
        break;
      $unicode .= chr($value);
      $unicode_length++;
    } else {
      if ( count( $values ) == 0 ) $num_octets = ( $value < 224 ) ? 2 : 3;

      $values[] = $value;

      if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + ($num_octets * 3) ) > $length )
        break;
      if ( count( $values ) == $num_octets ) {
        if ($num_octets == 3) {
          $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]) . '%' . dechex($values[2]);
          $unicode_length += 9;
        } else {
          $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]);
          $unicode_length += 6;
        }

        $values = array();
        $num_octets = 1;
      }
    }
  }

  return $unicode;
}


/**
 * Sanitizes a title, replacing whitespace and a few other characters with dashes.
 *
 * Limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-).
 * Whitespace becomes a dash.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $title The title to be sanitized.
 * @param string $raw_title Optional. Not used.
 * @param string $context Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized title.
 */
function sanitize_title_with_dashes( $title, $raw_title = '', $context = 'display' ) {
  $title = strip_tags($title);
  // Preserve escaped octets.
  $title = preg_replace('|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '---$1---', $title);
  // Remove percent signs that are not part of an octet.
  $title = str_replace('%', '', $title);
  // Restore octets.
  $title = preg_replace('|---([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])---|', '%$1', $title);

  if (seems_utf8($title)) {
    if (function_exists('mb_strtolower')) {
      $title = mb_strtolower($title, 'UTF-8');
    }
    $title = utf8_uri_encode($title, 200);
  }

  $title = strtolower($title);
  $title = preg_replace('/&.+?;/', '', $title); // kill entities
  $title = str_replace('.', '-', $title);

  if ( 'save' == $context ) {
    // Convert nbsp, ndash and mdash to hyphens
    $title = str_replace( array( '%c2%a0', '%e2%80%93', '%e2%80%94' ), '-', $title );

    // Strip these characters entirely
    $title = str_replace( array(
      // iexcl and iquest
      '%c2%a1', '%c2%bf',
      // angle quotes
      '%c2%ab', '%c2%bb', '%e2%80%b9', '%e2%80%ba',
      // curly quotes
      '%e2%80%98', '%e2%80%99', '%e2%80%9c', '%e2%80%9d',
      '%e2%80%9a', '%e2%80%9b', '%e2%80%9e', '%e2%80%9f',
      // copy, reg, deg, hellip and trade
      '%c2%a9', '%c2%ae', '%c2%b0', '%e2%80%a6', '%e2%84%a2',
      // acute accents
      '%c2%b4', '%cb%8a', '%cc%81', '%cd%81',
      // grave accent, macron, caron
      '%cc%80', '%cc%84', '%cc%8c',
    ), '', $title );

    // Convert times to x
    $title = str_replace( '%c3%97', 'x', $title );
  }

  $title = preg_replace('/[^%a-z0-9 _-]/', '', $title);
  $title = preg_replace('/\s+/', '-', $title);
  $title = preg_replace('|-+|', '-', $title);
  $title = trim($title, '-');

  return $title;
}

$title = '#PFW Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2015';
echo "title -> slug: \n". $title ." -> ". sanitize_title_with_dashes($title);
echo "\n\n";
$title = '«GQ»: Elyas M\'Barek gehört zu Männern des Jahres';
echo "title -> slug: \n". $title ." -> ". sanitize_title_with_dashes($title);

View online example.

Don't use preg_replace for this. There's a php function built just for the task: strtr() http://php.net/manual/en/function.strtr.php

Taken from the comments in the above link (and I tested it myself; it works:

function normalize ($string) {
    $table = array(
        'Š'=>'S', 'š'=>'s', 'Đ'=>'Dj', 'đ'=>'dj', 'Ž'=>'Z', 'ž'=>'z', 'Č'=>'C', 'č'=>'c', 'Ć'=>'C', 'ć'=>'c',
        'À'=>'A', 'Á'=>'A', 'Â'=>'A', 'Ã'=>'A', 'Ä'=>'A', 'Å'=>'A', 'Æ'=>'A', 'Ç'=>'C', 'È'=>'E', 'É'=>'E',
        'Ê'=>'E', 'Ë'=>'E', 'Ì'=>'I', 'Í'=>'I', 'Î'=>'I', 'Ï'=>'I', 'Ñ'=>'N', 'Ò'=>'O', 'Ó'=>'O', 'Ô'=>'O',
        'Õ'=>'O', 'Ö'=>'O', 'Ø'=>'O', 'Ù'=>'U', 'Ú'=>'U', 'Û'=>'U', 'Ü'=>'U', 'Ý'=>'Y', 'Þ'=>'B', 'ß'=>'Ss',
        'à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'â'=>'a', 'ã'=>'a', 'ä'=>'a', 'å'=>'a', 'æ'=>'a', 'ç'=>'c', 'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e',
        'ê'=>'e', 'ë'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', 'î'=>'i', 'ï'=>'i', 'ð'=>'o', 'ñ'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o',
        'ô'=>'o', 'õ'=>'o', 'ö'=>'o', 'ø'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u', 'ú'=>'u', 'û'=>'u', 'ý'=>'y', 'ý'=>'y', 'þ'=>'b',
        'ÿ'=>'y', 'Ŕ'=>'R', 'ŕ'=>'r',
    );

    return strtr($string, $table);
}

I didn't know which one to use so I made a quick bench on phptester.net

<?php

// First test
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/42740874/10232729
function slugify(STRING $string, STRING $separator = '-'){
    
    $accents_regex = '~&([a-z]{1,2})(?:acute|cedil|circ|grave|lig|orn|ring|slash|th|tilde|uml);~i';
    $special_cases = [ '&' => 'and', "'" => ''];
    $string = mb_strtolower( trim( $string ), 'UTF-8' );
    $string = str_replace( array_keys($special_cases), array_values( $special_cases), $string );
    $string = preg_replace( $accents_regex, '$1', htmlentities( $string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8' ) );
    $string = preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9]/u', $separator, $string);
    
    return preg_replace('/['.$separator.']+/u', $separator, $string);
}

// Second test
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/13331948/10232729
function slug(STRING $string, STRING $separator = '-'){
    
    $string = transliterator_transliterate('Any-Latin; NFD; [:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove; NFC; [:Punctuation:] Remove; Lower();', $string);
        
    return str_replace(' ', $separator, $string);;
}

// Third test - My choice
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/38066136/10232729
function slugbis($text){

    $replace = [
        '<' => '', '>' => '', '-' => ' ', '&' => '',
        '"' => '', 'À' => 'A', 'Á' => 'A', 'Â' => 'A', 'Ã' => 'A', 'Ä'=> 'Ae',
        'Ä' => 'A', 'Å' => 'A', 'Ā' => 'A', 'Ą' => 'A', 'Ă' => 'A', 'Æ' => 'Ae',
        'Ç' => 'C', 'Ć' => 'C', 'Č' => 'C', 'Ĉ' => 'C', 'Ċ' => 'C', 'Ď' => 'D', 'Đ' => 'D',
        'Ð' => 'D', 'È' => 'E', 'É' => 'E', 'Ê' => 'E', 'Ë' => 'E', 'Ē' => 'E',
        'Ę' => 'E', 'Ě' => 'E', 'Ĕ' => 'E', 'Ė' => 'E', 'Ĝ' => 'G', 'Ğ' => 'G',
        'Ġ' => 'G', 'Ģ' => 'G', 'Ĥ' => 'H', 'Ħ' => 'H', 'Ì' => 'I', 'Í' => 'I',
        'Î' => 'I', 'Ï' => 'I', 'Ī' => 'I', 'Ĩ' => 'I', 'Ĭ' => 'I', 'Į' => 'I',
        'İ' => 'I', 'IJ' => 'IJ', 'Ĵ' => 'J', 'Ķ' => 'K', 'Ł' => 'K', 'Ľ' => 'K',
        'Ĺ' => 'K', 'Ļ' => 'K', 'Ŀ' => 'K', 'Ñ' => 'N', 'Ń' => 'N', 'Ň' => 'N',
        'Ņ' => 'N', 'Ŋ' => 'N', 'Ò' => 'O', 'Ó' => 'O', 'Ô' => 'O', 'Õ' => 'O',
        'Ö' => 'Oe', 'Ö' => 'Oe', 'Ø' => 'O', 'Ō' => 'O', 'Ő' => 'O', 'Ŏ' => 'O',
        'Œ' => 'OE', 'Ŕ' => 'R', 'Ř' => 'R', 'Ŗ' => 'R', 'Ś' => 'S', 'Š' => 'S',
        'Ş' => 'S', 'Ŝ' => 'S', 'Ș' => 'S', 'Ť' => 'T', 'Ţ' => 'T', 'Ŧ' => 'T',
        'Ț' => 'T', 'Ù' => 'U', 'Ú' => 'U', 'Û' => 'U', 'Ü' => 'Ue', 'Ū' => 'U',
        'Ü' => 'Ue', 'Ů' => 'U', 'Ű' => 'U', 'Ŭ' => 'U', 'Ũ' => 'U', 'Ų' => 'U',
        'Ŵ' => 'W', 'Ý' => 'Y', 'Ŷ' => 'Y', 'Ÿ' => 'Y', 'Ź' => 'Z', 'Ž' => 'Z',
        'Ż' => 'Z', 'Þ' => 'T', 'à' => 'a', 'á' => 'a', 'â' => 'a', 'ã' => 'a',
        'ä' => 'ae', 'ä' => 'ae', 'å' => 'a', 'ā' => 'a', 'ą' => 'a', 'ă' => 'a',
        'æ' => 'ae', 'ç' => 'c', 'ć' => 'c', 'č' => 'c', 'ĉ' => 'c', 'ċ' => 'c',
        'ď' => 'd', 'đ' => 'd', 'ð' => 'd', 'è' => 'e', 'é' => 'e', 'ê' => 'e',
        'ë' => 'e', 'ē' => 'e', 'ę' => 'e', 'ě' => 'e', 'ĕ' => 'e', 'ė' => 'e',
        'ƒ' => 'f', 'ĝ' => 'g', 'ğ' => 'g', 'ġ' => 'g', 'ģ' => 'g', 'ĥ' => 'h',
        'ħ' => 'h', 'ì' => 'i', 'í' => 'i', 'î' => 'i', 'ï' => 'i', 'ī' => 'i',
        'ĩ' => 'i', 'ĭ' => 'i', 'į' => 'i', 'ı' => 'i', 'ij' => 'ij', 'ĵ' => 'j',
        'ķ' => 'k', 'ĸ' => 'k', 'ł' => 'l', 'ľ' => 'l', 'ĺ' => 'l', 'ļ' => 'l',
        'ŀ' => 'l', 'ñ' => 'n', 'ń' => 'n', 'ň' => 'n', 'ņ' => 'n', 'ʼn' => 'n',
        'ŋ' => 'n', 'ò' => 'o', 'ó' => 'o', 'ô' => 'o', 'õ' => 'o', 'ö' => 'oe',
        'ö' => 'oe', 'ø' => 'o', 'ō' => 'o', 'ő' => 'o', 'ŏ' => 'o', 'œ' => 'oe',
        'ŕ' => 'r', 'ř' => 'r', 'ŗ' => 'r', 'š' => 's', 'ù' => 'u', 'ú' => 'u',
        'û' => 'u', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ū' => 'u', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ů' => 'u', 'ű' => 'u',
        'ŭ' => 'u', 'ũ' => 'u', 'ų' => 'u', 'ŵ' => 'w', 'ý' => 'y', 'ÿ' => 'y',
        'ŷ' => 'y', 'ž' => 'z', 'ż' => 'z', 'ź' => 'z', 'þ' => 't', 'ß' => 'ss',
        'ſ' => 'ss', 'ый' => 'iy', 'А' => 'A', 'Б' => 'B', 'В' => 'V', 'Г' => 'G',
        'Д' => 'D', 'Е' => 'E', 'Ё' => 'YO', 'Ж' => 'ZH', 'З' => 'Z', 'И' => 'I',
        'Й' => 'Y', 'К' => 'K', 'Л' => 'L', 'М' => 'M', 'Н' => 'N', 'О' => 'O',
        'П' => 'P', 'Р' => 'R', 'С' => 'S', 'Т' => 'T', 'У' => 'U', 'Ф' => 'F',
        'Х' => 'H', 'Ц' => 'C', 'Ч' => 'CH', 'Ш' => 'SH', 'Щ' => 'SCH', 'Ъ' => '',
        'Ы' => 'Y', 'Ь' => '', 'Э' => 'E', 'Ю' => 'YU', 'Я' => 'YA', 'а' => 'a',
        'б' => 'b', 'в' => 'v', 'г' => 'g', 'д' => 'd', 'е' => 'e', 'ё' => 'yo',
        'ж' => 'zh', 'з' => 'z', 'и' => 'i', 'й' => 'y', 'к' => 'k', 'л' => 'l',
        'м' => 'm', 'н' => 'n', 'о' => 'o', 'п' => 'p', 'р' => 'r', 'с' => 's',
        'т' => 't', 'у' => 'u', 'ф' => 'f', 'х' => 'h', 'ц' => 'c', 'ч' => 'ch',
        'ш' => 'sh', 'щ' => 'sch', 'ъ' => '', 'ы' => 'y', 'ь' => '', 'э' => 'e',
        'ю' => 'yu', 'я' => 'ya'
    ];

    // make a human readable string
    $text = strtr($text, $replace);

    // replace non letter or digits by -
    $text = preg_replace('~[^\pL\d.]+~u', '-', $text);

    // trim
    $text = trim($text, '-');

    // remove unwanted characters
    $text = preg_replace('~[^-\w.]+~', '', $text);

    return strtolower($text);
}

// Fourth test
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/2955521/10232729
function slugagain($string){
    
    $table = [
        'Š'=>'S', 'š'=>'s', 'Đ'=>'Dj', 'đ'=>'dj', 'Ž'=>'Z', 'ž'=>'z', 'Č'=>'C', 'č'=>'c', 'Ć'=>'C', 'ć'=>'c',
        'À'=>'A', 'Á'=>'A', 'Â'=>'A', 'Ã'=>'A', 'Ä'=>'A', 'Å'=>'A', 'Æ'=>'A', 'Ç'=>'C', 'È'=>'E', 'É'=>'E',
        'Ê'=>'E', 'Ë'=>'E', 'Ì'=>'I', 'Í'=>'I', 'Î'=>'I', 'Ï'=>'I', 'Ñ'=>'N', 'Ò'=>'O', 'Ó'=>'O', 'Ô'=>'O',
        'Õ'=>'O', 'Ö'=>'O', 'Ø'=>'O', 'Ù'=>'U', 'Ú'=>'U', 'Û'=>'U', 'Ü'=>'U', 'Ý'=>'Y', 'Þ'=>'B', 'ß'=>'Ss',
        'à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'â'=>'a', 'ã'=>'a', 'ä'=>'a', 'å'=>'a', 'æ'=>'a', 'ç'=>'c', 'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e',
        'ê'=>'e', 'ë'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', 'î'=>'i', 'ï'=>'i', 'ð'=>'o', 'ñ'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o',
        'ô'=>'o', 'õ'=>'o', 'ö'=>'o', 'ø'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u', 'ú'=>'u', 'û'=>'u', 'ý'=>'y', 'ý'=>'y', 'þ'=>'b',
        'ÿ'=>'y', 'Ŕ'=>'R', 'ŕ'=>'r', ' '=>'-'
    ];

    return strtr($string, $table);
}

// Fifth test
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/27396804/10232729
function slugifybis($url){
    $url = trim($url);

    $url = str_replace(' ', '-', $url);
    $url = str_replace('/', '-slash-', $url);
    
    return rawurlencode($url);
}

// Sixth and last test
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/39442034/10232729
setlocale( LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF8" );  
function slugifyagain($string){
    
    $string = iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//translit//ignore', $string); // transliterate
    $string = str_replace("'", '', $string);
    $string = preg_replace('~[^\pL\d]+~u', '-', $string); // replace non letter or non digits by "-"
    $string = preg_replace('~[^-\w]+~', '', $string); // remove unwanted characters
    $string = preg_replace('~-+~', '-', $string); // remove duplicate "-"
    $string = trim($string, '-'); // trim "-"
    $string = trim($string); // trim
    $string = mb_strtolower($string, 'utf-8'); // lowercase
    
    return urlencode($string); // safe;
};

$string = $newString = "¿ Àñdréß l'affreux ğarçon & nøël en forêt !";

$max = 10000;

echo '<pre>';
echo 'Beginning :';
echo '<br />';
echo '<br />';    
echo '> Slugging '.$max.' iterations of following :';
echo '<br />';
echo '>> ' . $string;
echo '<br />';  
echo '<br />';
echo 'Output results :';
echo '<br />';
echo '<br />';  

$start = microtime(true);

for($i = 0 ; $i < $max ; $i++){
    
    $newString = slugify($string);
}

$time = (microtime(true) - $start) * 1000;

echo '> First test passed in **' . round($time, 2) . 'ms**';
echo '<br />';  
echo '>> Result : ' . $newString;
echo '<br />';
echo '<br />';

$start = microtime(true);

for($i = 0 ; $i < $max ; $i++){
    
    $newString = slug($string);
}

$time = (microtime(true) - $start) * 1000;

echo '> Second test passed in **' . round($time, 2) . 'ms**';
echo '<br />';
echo '>> Result : ' . $newString;
echo '<br />';
echo '<br />';

$start = microtime(true);

for($i = 0 ; $i < $max ; $i++){
    
    $newString = slugbis($string);
}

$time = (microtime(true) - $start) * 1000;

echo '> Third test passed in **' . round($time, 2) . 'ms**';
echo '<br />';
echo '>> Result : ' . $newString;
echo '<br />';
echo '<br />';

$start = microtime(true);

for($i = 0 ; $i < $max ; $i++){
    
    $newString = slugagain($string);
}

$time = (microtime(true) - $start) * 1000;

echo '> Fourth test passed in **' . round($time, 2) . 'ms**';
echo '<br />';
echo '>> Result : ' . $newString;
echo '<br />';
echo '<br />';

$start = microtime(true);

for($i = 0 ; $i < $max ; $i++){
    
    $newString = slugifybis($string);
}

$time = (microtime(true) - $start) * 1000;

echo '> Fifth test passed in **' . round($time, 2) . 'ms**';
echo '<br />';
echo '>> Result : ' . $newString;
echo '<br />';
echo '<br />';

$start = microtime(true);

for($i = 0 ; $i < $max ; $i++){
    
    $newString = slugifyagain($string);
}

$time = (microtime(true) - $start) * 1000;

echo '> Sixth test passed in **' . round($time, 2) . 'ms**';
echo '<br />';
echo '>> Result : ' . $newString;
echo '</pre>';

Beginning :

Slugging 10000 iterations of following :

¿ Àñdréß l'affreux ğarçon & nøël en forêt !

Output results :

First test passed in 120.78ms

Result : -iquest-andresz-laffreux-arcon-and-noel-en-foret-

Second test passed in 3883.82ms

Result : -andreß-laffreux-garcon--nøel-en-foret-

Third test passed in 56.83ms

Result : andress-l-affreux-garcon-noel-en-foret

Fourth test passed in 18.93ms

Result : ¿-AndreSs-l'affreux-ğarcon-&-noel-en-foret-!

Fifth test passed in 6.45ms

Result : %C2%BF-%C3%80%C3%B1dr%C3%A9%C3%9F-l%27affreux-%C4%9Far%C3%A7on-%26-n%C3%B8%C3%ABl-en-for%C3%AAt-%21

Sixth test passed in 112.42ms

Result : andress-laffreux-garcon-n-el-en-foret

Further tests needed.

Edit : less iterations test

Beginning :

Slugging 100 iterations of following :

¿ Àñdréß l'affreux ğarçon & nøël en forêt !

Output results :

First test passed in 1.72ms

Result : -iquest-andresz-laffreux-arcon-and-noel-en-foret-

Second test passed in 48.59ms

Result : -andreß-laffreux-garcon--nøel-en-foret-

Third test passed in 0.91ms

Result : andress-l-affreux-garcon-noel-en-foret

Fourth test passed in 0.3ms

Result : ¿-AndreSs-l'affreux-ğarcon-&-noel-en-foret-!

Fifth test passed in 0.14ms

Result : %C2%BF-%C3%80%C3%B1dr%C3%A9%C3%9F-l%27affreux-%C4%9Far%C3%A7on-%26-n%C3%B8%C3%ABl-en-for%C3%AAt-%21

Sixth test passed in 1.4ms

Result : andress-laffreux-garcon-n-el-en-foret

I am using:

function slugify($text)
{ 
    $text = iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $text);
    return strtolower(preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9-]+/', '-', $text));
}

Only fallback is that Cyrillic characters will not be converted, and I am searching now for solution that is not long str_replace for every single Cyrillic character.

The most elegant way I think is using a Behat\Transliterator\Transliterator.

I need to extends this class by your class because it is an Abstract, some like this:

<?php
use Behat\Transliterator\Transliterator;

class Urlizer extends Transliterator
{
}

And then, just use it:

$text = "Master Ápiu";
$urlizer = new Urlizer();
$slug = $urlizer->transliterate($slug, "-");
echo $slug; // master-apiu

Of course you should put this things in your composer as well.

composer require behat/transliterator

More info here https://github.com/Behat/Transliterator

This may be a way to do it too. Inspired from these links Experts-exchange and alinalexander

function slugifier($txt){

   /* Get rid of accented characters */
   $search = explode(",","ç,æ,œ,á,é,í,ó,ú,à,è,ì,ò,ù,ä,ë,ï,ö,ü,ÿ,â,ê,î,ô,û,å,e,i,ø,u");
   $replace = explode(",","c,ae,oe,a,e,i,o,u,a,e,i,o,u,a,e,i,o,u,y,a,e,i,o,u,a,e,i,o,u");
   $txt = str_replace($search, $replace, $txt);

   /* Lowercase all the characters */
   $txt = strtolower($txt);

   /* Avoid whitespace at the beginning and the ending */
   $txt = trim($txt);

   /* Replace all the characters that are not in a-z or 0-9 by a hyphen */
   $txt = preg_replace("/[^a-z0-9]/", "-", $txt);
   /* Remove hyphen anywhere it's more than one */
   $txt = preg_replace("/[\-]+/", '-', $txt);
   return $txt;   
}

function slugify($text)
{
    // replace non letter or digits by -
    $text = preg_replace('~[^\pL\d]+~u', '-', $text);
    // transliterate
    $text = iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $text);
    // remove unwanted characters
    $text = preg_replace('~[^-\w]+~', '', $text);
    // trim
    $text = trim($text, '-');
    // remove duplicate -
    $text = preg_replace('~-+~', '-', $text);
    // lowercase
    $text = strtolower($text);
    if (empty($text)) {
        return 'n-a';
    }
    return $text;
}

Use case:

echo slugify('bu metinde ç ö ş ğ ü ı * # karakter $ @ ! ?  kullanılamaz');

Output: bu-metinde-c-o-s-g-u-i-karakter-kullanilamaz

You could have a look at Normalizer::normalize(), see here. It just needs to load the intl module for PHP

What about using something that is already implemented in Core?

//Clean non UTF-8 characters    
Mage::getHelper('core/string')->cleanString($str)

Or one of the core url/ url rewrite methods..

I wrote this based on Maerlyn's response. This function will work regardless of the character encoding on the page. It also won't turn single quotes in to dashes :)

function slugify ($string) {
    $string = utf8_encode($string);
    $string = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $string);   
    $string = preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9- ]/i', '', $string);
    $string = str_replace(' ', '-', $string);
    $string = trim($string, '-');
    $string = strtolower($string);

    if (empty($string)) {
        return 'n-a';
    }

    return $string;
}

In my opinion, the option to use Transliterator::transliterate is the one that gives the best results (converting from any alphabet), it's very customizable, results in a short code and doesn't need external libs.

But using the rules from hdogan's valuable answer, it returns incorrect results in some cases:

• Removes hyphens between numbers: Years 2020-2024 -> years-20202024, expected result: years-2020-2024.
• Removes characters (like underscore) instead of converting them to hyphens: The_word -> theword, expected result: the-word.
• In some cases it leaves hyphens at the beginning or end: my string -> -my-string-, expected result: my-string.
• Doesn't convert or remove all non-alphanumeric characters: Test © -> test-©, expected result: test-c or test (in my case, I prefer the first one).
• It doesn't normalize or remove other letter variants: Nº 1 -> nº-1, expected result: no-1 or n-1.

Based on that response, I have made some changes to the rules:

$string = ' Namnet på bildtävlingen nº1@2020-`24...like&share';

$slug = \Transliterator::createFromRules("
    :: Any-Latin;
    :: NFD;
    :: [:Mn:] Remove;
    :: NFKC;
    :: Latin-ASCII;
    :: Lower();
    ^[^[:Ll:][:Nd:]]+ > ;
    [^[:Ll:][:Nd:]]+$ > ;
    [^[:Ll:][:Nd:]]+ > '-';
")->transliterate($string);

$slug = preg_replace(['/[^a-z0-9-]+/', '/^-+|(?<=-)-+|-+$/'], '', $slug);

echo $slug; // namnet-pa-bildtavlingen-no1-2020-24-like-share
// previous result: -namnet-pa-bildtavlingen-nº12020`24likeshare

Explanation of the changes:

• Changed NFC to NFKC, since it normalizes more characters (ª -> a, etc.).
• Added Latin-ASCII to convert more characters to alphanumeric (® -> r, etc.).
• All non-alphanumeric characters from the beginning and end are removed.
• All non-alphanumeric characters (not only [-[:Separator:]]) are converted to hyphens.

The use of preg_replace is because some Cyrillic characters (e.g. ҳ) are not normalized for some reason, and we want only alphanumeric result with hyphens, so we remove these few exceptions. I have not managed to normalize them in the rules, if anyone knows if it's possible, the collaboration is appreciated.

Comparison demo

ICU Documentation / Unicode categories

There's a good solution here that deals with special characters as well.

Texto Fantástico => texto-fantastico

function slugify( $string, $separator = '-' ) {
    $accents_regex = '~&([a-z]{1,2})(?:acute|cedil|circ|grave|lig|orn|ring|slash|th|tilde|uml);~i';
    $special_cases = array( '&' => 'and', "'" => '');
    $string = mb_strtolower( trim( $string ), 'UTF-8' );
    $string = str_replace( array_keys($special_cases), array_values( $special_cases), $string );
    $string = preg_replace( $accents_regex, '$1', htmlentities( $string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8' ) );
    $string = preg_replace("/[^a-z0-9]/u", "$separator", $string);
    $string = preg_replace("/[$separator]+/u", "$separator", $string);
    return $string;
}

Author: Natxet

On my localhost everything was ok, but on server it helped me “set_locale” and “utf-8” at “mb_strtolower”.

<?
setlocale( LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF8" );
function slug( $str, $char = "-", $tf = "lowercase" )
{
    $str = iconv( "utf-8", "us-ascii//translit//ignore", $str ); // transliterate
    $str = str_replace( "'", "", $str ); // remove “'” generated by iconv
    $str = preg_replace( "~[^a-z0-9]+~ui", $char, $str ); // replace unwanted by single “-”
    $str = trim( $str, $char ); // trim “-”
    if( $tf == "lowercase" ) $str = mb_strtolower( $str, "utf-8" ); // lowercase
    elseif( $tf == "uppercase" ) $str = mb_strtoupper( $str, "utf-8" );
    return $str;
}
?>

Test

$string = "--+ě𐐷𤭢ščřžýá091354--––—_-6íé↨☻☻ßẞąć …   ęłńśźżĄĆ  ĘŁŃŚ   Ź///+++||||..Ż";
echo slug( $string );
echo slug( $string, "☻", "uppercase" );

// → escrzya091354-6iessac-elnszzac-elns-z-z
// → ESCRZYA091354☻6IESSAC☻ELNSZZAC☻ELNS☻Z☻Z

For standard alphanumeric english - nothing complicated.

/**
 * Update the provided string to a slug-safe format.
 *
 * @param string $string
 * @return string
 */
function slugify($string)
{
    return strtolower(trim(preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9-]+/', '-', $string), '-'));
}

Not sure it works for every cases but i took the slug method from Laravel Str class and added the iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $title) thing to treat accents without the need to use voku/portable-ascii it seems to work pretty well for my use cases :

    public static function slug($title, $separator = '-')
    {
        $title = iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $title);
        $flip = $separator === '-' ? '_' : '-';
        $title = preg_replace('!['.preg_quote($flip).']+!u', $separator, $title);
        // Replace @ with the word 'at'
        $title = str_replace('@', $separator.'at'.$separator, $title);
        // Remove all characters that are not the separator, letters, numbers, or whitespace.
        $title = preg_replace('![^'.preg_quote($separator).'\pL\pN\s]+!u', '', mb_strtolower($title, 'UTF-8'));
        // Replace all separator characters and whitespace by a single separator
        $title = preg_replace('!['.preg_quote($separator).'\s]+!u', $separator, $title);

        return trim($title, $separator);
    }

In Laravel 8 it's:

Str::slug('Hola como te va', '-');

// hola-como-te-va

Since gTLDs and IDNs are becoming more and more used I cannot see why URL shouldn't contain Andrés.

Just rawurlencode $URL you want instead. Most browsers show UTF-8 characters in URLs (not some ancient IE6 maybe) and bit.ly / goo.gl can be used to make it short in cases like Russian and Arabic if need may be for ad purposes or just write them in ads like user would write them on browser URL.

Only difference is spaces " " it might be good idea to replace them with "-" and "/" if you don't want to allow those.

<?php
function slugify($url)
{
    $url = trim($url);

    $url = str_replace(" ","-",$url);
    $url = str_replace("/","-slash-",$url);
    $url = rawurlencode($url);
}
?>

Url as encoded http://www.hurtta.com/RU/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B/

Url as written http://www.hurtta.com/RU/Продукты/

Since I've Seen a lot of methods here but I've found a simplest method for myself.Maybe it will help someone.

$slug = strtolower(preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\-]/', '',preg_replace('/\s+/', '-', $string) ));

Here is the short and easy solution for making slug

function convertURLs($value){
$delimiter = '-';
$slug = strtolower(trim(preg_replace('/[\s-]+/', $delimiter, preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9-]+/', $delimiter, preg_replace('/[&]/', 'and', preg_replace('/[\']/', '', iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $value))))), $delimiter));
return $slug;}

I'm using this function and it works fine:

function slugify($string) {
  return strtolower(trim(preg_replace('~[^0-9a-z]+~i', '-', html_entity_decode(preg_replace('~&([a-z]{1,2})(?:acute|cedil|circ|grave|lig|orn|ring|slash|th|tilde|uml);~i', '$1', htmlentities($string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')), '-'));
}

Try to using urldecode to get the decoded string:

echo urldecode('%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9'); 

// return السلام-علیک

For me this variant is perfect, also it change & to and. Here is code:

function dSlug($string) {
    return strtolower(trim(preg_replace('~[^0-9a-z]+~i', '-', html_entity_decode(preg_replace('~&([a-z]{1,2})(?:acute|cedil|circ|grave|lig|orn|ring|slash|th|tilde|uml);~i', '$1',htmlentities(preg_replace('/[&]/', ' and ', $title), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')), '-'));
}`