Python 3.4 and 2.7: Cannot install numpy package for python 3.4

Question

I am using Ubuntu 12.04 and want to use python 3.4 side by side with python 2.7.

The installation of python 3.4 worked properly. However, I cannot install the numpy package for python 3 (and as a consequence I can't install scipy, pandas etc.).

Using

 sudo pip3 install numpy

spits out the following error:

File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 289, in check_types

"Cannot compile 'Python.h'. Perhaps you need to "\

SystemError: Cannot compile 'Python.h'. Perhaps you need to install python-dev|python-devel.

Btw, I already have python-dev installed.

Moreover, installing numpy via

 sudo apt-get install python-numpy

does not work either since I already installed numpy for python 2.7 and the installer responds that numpy is already up to date.

What can I do? Thanks!

Martijn Pieters · Accepted Answer · 2014-07-22 16:29:09Z

86

You have not installed the Python 3 development package. Install python3.4-dev:

apt-get install python3.4-dev

The main package never includes the development headers; Debian (and by extension Ubuntu) package policy is to put those into a separate -dev package. To install numpy however, you need these files to be able to compile the extension.

answered Jul 22, 2014 at 16:29

Martijn Pieters

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6 Comments

tschoppi Over a year ago

For those arriving in 2015 with a similar query (as I did) need to change the above command to apt-get install python3.5-dev.

Martijn Pieters Over a year ago

And to anyone in the future: adjust the command to fit your current Python version. Yes, Ubuntu will not read your mind or the calendar. :-P

Dave LeBlanc Over a year ago

or you can just use apt-get install python3-dev and ubuntu WILL read your mind and install the correct point release for your version of Ubuntu.

Martijn Pieters Over a year ago

@DaveLeBlanc: it depends on the Ubuntu release which version is 'current'. On 12.04 that's Python 3.2, not 3.4.

Alex Eastman Over a year ago

Any idea how I could fix this error in MSYS2? I tried installing mingw-w64-x86_64-python3 and I'm getting this error when I try to install numpy using pip: SystemError: Cannot compile 'Python.h'. Perhaps you need to install python-dev|python-devel

|

Mi Po · Accepted Answer · 2020-07-07 22:31:14Z

5

Solved by incrementing the python-dev package until I hit the right one. May need to be incremented further in the future. Poor implementation by python developers.

sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev

answered Jul 7, 2020 at 22:31

Mi Po

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1 Comment

Nick ODell Over a year ago

You can run sudo apt-get install python3-dev, and it will install the dev package corresponding to your version of python3.

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