Evaluate variable in if statement

Ignoring the fact that eval is probably super dangerous to use here (unless the data in somefile is controlled by you and only you), there are a few issues to fix in your example code.

In your for loop, alert_list needs to be $alert_list.

Also, as pointed out by @choroba, you should be using != instead of -ne since your input isn't always an integer.

Finally, while debugging, you can add set -x to the top of your script, or add -x to the end of your shebang line to enable verbose output (helps to determine how bash is expanding your variables).

This works for me:

#!/bin/bash -x

data=2.2
version=1

al_ap_version=('ap_version' '[[ $data != $version ]]')
alert_list='al_ap_version'

for alert in $alert_list; do
    condition=$(eval echo \${$alert[1]})
    if eval "$condition"; then
        echo "alert"
    fi
done

You could try a more functional approach, even though bash is only just barely capable of such things. On the whole, it is usually a lot easier to pack an action to be executed into a bash function and refer to it with the name of the function, than to try to maintain the action as a string to be evaluated.

But first, the use of an array of names of arrays is awkward. Let's get rid of it.

It's not clear to me the point of element 0, ap_version, in the array al_ap_version but I suppose it has something to do with error messages. If the order of alert processing isn't important, you could replace the list of names of arrays with a single associative array:

declare -A alert_list
alert_list[ap_version]=... # see below
alert_list[os_dsk]=...

and then process them with:

for alert_name in ${!alert_list[@]}; do
  alert=${alert_list[$alert_name]}
  ...
done

Having done that, we can get rid of the eval, with its consequent ugly necessity for juggling quotes, by creating a bash function for each alert:

check_ap_version() {
  (($version != $1))
}

Edit: It seems that $1 is not necessarily numeric, so it would be better to use a non-numeric comparison, although exact version match might not be what you're after either. So perhaps it would be better to use:

check_ap_version() {
  [[ $version != $1 ]]
}

Note the convention that the first argument of the function is the data value.

Now we can insert the name of the function into the alert array, and call it indirectly in the loop:

declare -A alert_list
alert_list[ap_version]=check_ap_version
alert_list[os_dsk]=check_op_dsk

check_alerts() {
  local alert_name alert
  local data=$(tail -1 somefile)
  for alert_name in ${!alert_list[@]}; do
    alert=${alert_list[$alert_name]}
    if $alert "$data"; then
      signal_alert $alert_name
    fi
  done
}

If you're prepared to be more disciplined about the function names, you can avoid the associative array, and thereby process the alerts in order. Suppose, for example, that every function has the name check_<alert_name>. Then the above could be:

alert_list=(ap_version os_dsk)

check_alerts() {
  local alert_name
  local data=$(tail -1 somefile)
  for alert_name in $alert_list[@]; do
    if check_$alert_name "$data"; then
      signal_alert $alert_name
    fi
  done
}