External function not working - but not sure why

So I've been staring at this for awhile. This is what I came up with. The interval (i'm assuming is 100). for the sake of sanity I've changed it to 5 in the code that follows because your sample posted data is only 46 elements long. I must assume yours is much larger than this.

Some things to note:

• foo() no longer relies on some whacky 'where do I compute my average' variables. The caller is responsible for passing the starting location and count of elements to average. This, as you will see, makes that code much simpler. This was fundamentally the heart of the problem to begin with, as your allocation loop was fine (save for not checking your realloc return value). There is no reason to complicate that function to try and compute an average somewhere in the middle of some larger array. Keep it simple. Just have the caller tell the function where to start and how many to average.

• Though it wasn't specified, I believe z is your "interval" width. The thing to note in the code below is the interval-count calculation. The number of intervals is simply (N+(z-1))/z, which will result in the number of intervals to process, including the last interval which may only be a partial. From there, we simply walk through the original array, partitioning up in z-sized slices, calculating the average, then rewriting the interval we just averaged with the said-same average. The last interval, again, can be a partial, which requires a little bit of extra care.

• I changed the data file to be a command line parameter argv[1]. Made it easier for me to test.

Sure hope this is what you were looking for. Thx for the fun, and don't forget to reset the z value in this code back to 100 if you plan on using it.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

float foo(float a[], int count);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    if (argc !=2)
        return EXIT_FAILURE;

    FILE *input=fopen(argv[1], "r");
    if (input != NULL)
    {
        int z=5,t=0;
        int M=10,N=0;
        float *a = malloc(M*sizeof(float));

        while(fscanf(input, " %e", a + N) ==1 )
        {
            if (++N>=M)
            {
                void *tmp = realloc(a, (M*=2)*sizeof(float));
                if (tmp != NULL)
                {
                    a = tmp;
                }
                else
                {
                    perror("Failed to allocate memory.");
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
            }
        }

        // compute number of intervals we will process. the last
        //  interval may be only a partial.
        for (t=0;t<N;t+=z)
        {
            // how many we're doing in this interval
            int count = (z < (N-t) ? z : (N-t)), k=0;
            float avg =  foo(a+t, count);
            printf("Avg[%d] = %e\n", t/z, avg);

            // smooth over original array with just-found svg.
            for (k=0;k<count; a[t+k++] = avg);
        }
        fclose(input);

        // dump the final array content
        for (t=0;t<N;++t)
            printf("a[%d] = %e\n", t, a[t]);

        // release original array.
        free(a);
    }
    else
    {
        perror("Input file could not be opened.");
    }

    return(0);
}
// find the average of the range of floats we're given.
float foo(float a[], int count)
{
    float sum = 0;
    int i = 0;

    for(i=0; i<count; sum += a[i++]);
    return (sum)/(float)(count);
}

Output (z=5)

Avg[0] = 5.139628e+00
Avg[1] = 3.791246e+00
Avg[2] = 5.332921e+00
Avg[3] = 3.949121e+00
Avg[4] = 5.420036e+00
Avg[5] = 3.866650e+00
Avg[6] = 5.024508e+00
Avg[7] = 3.941051e+00
Avg[8] = 5.466672e+00
Avg[9] = 2.305841e+00
a[0] = 5.139628e+00
a[1] = 5.139628e+00
a[2] = 5.139628e+00
a[3] = 5.139628e+00
a[4] = 5.139628e+00
a[5] = 3.791246e+00
a[6] = 3.791246e+00
a[7] = 3.791246e+00
a[8] = 3.791246e+00
a[9] = 3.791246e+00
a[10] = 5.332921e+00
a[11] = 5.332921e+00
a[12] = 5.332921e+00
a[13] = 5.332921e+00
a[14] = 5.332921e+00
a[15] = 3.949121e+00
a[16] = 3.949121e+00
a[17] = 3.949121e+00
a[18] = 3.949121e+00
a[19] = 3.949121e+00
a[20] = 5.420036e+00
a[21] = 5.420036e+00
a[22] = 5.420036e+00
a[23] = 5.420036e+00
a[24] = 5.420036e+00
a[25] = 3.866650e+00
a[26] = 3.866650e+00
a[27] = 3.866650e+00
a[28] = 3.866650e+00
a[29] = 3.866650e+00
a[30] = 5.024508e+00
a[31] = 5.024508e+00
a[32] = 5.024508e+00
a[33] = 5.024508e+00
a[34] = 5.024508e+00
a[35] = 3.941051e+00
a[36] = 3.941051e+00
a[37] = 3.941051e+00
a[38] = 3.941051e+00
a[39] = 3.941051e+00
a[40] = 5.466672e+00
a[41] = 5.466672e+00
a[42] = 5.466672e+00
a[43] = 5.466672e+00
a[44] = 5.466672e+00
a[45] = 2.305841e+00

Output (z=10)

Avg[0] = 4.465437e+00
Avg[1] = 4.641021e+00
Avg[2] = 4.643343e+00
Avg[3] = 4.482779e+00
Avg[4] = 4.939867e+00
a[0] = 4.465437e+00
a[1] = 4.465437e+00
a[2] = 4.465437e+00
a[3] = 4.465437e+00
a[4] = 4.465437e+00
a[5] = 4.465437e+00
a[6] = 4.465437e+00
a[7] = 4.465437e+00
a[8] = 4.465437e+00
a[9] = 4.465437e+00
a[10] = 4.641021e+00
a[11] = 4.641021e+00
a[12] = 4.641021e+00
a[13] = 4.641021e+00
a[14] = 4.641021e+00
a[15] = 4.641021e+00
a[16] = 4.641021e+00
a[17] = 4.641021e+00
a[18] = 4.641021e+00
a[19] = 4.641021e+00
a[20] = 4.643343e+00
a[21] = 4.643343e+00
a[22] = 4.643343e+00
a[23] = 4.643343e+00
a[24] = 4.643343e+00
a[25] = 4.643343e+00
a[26] = 4.643343e+00
a[27] = 4.643343e+00
a[28] = 4.643343e+00
a[29] = 4.643343e+00
a[30] = 4.482779e+00
a[31] = 4.482779e+00
a[32] = 4.482779e+00
a[33] = 4.482779e+00
a[34] = 4.482779e+00
a[35] = 4.482779e+00
a[36] = 4.482779e+00
a[37] = 4.482779e+00
a[38] = 4.482779e+00
a[39] = 4.482779e+00
a[40] = 4.939867e+00
a[41] = 4.939867e+00
a[42] = 4.939867e+00
a[43] = 4.939867e+00
a[44] = 4.939867e+00
a[45] = 4.939867e+00