[pull] master from TheAlgorithms:master

.github/workflows/Ci.yml

@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ jobs:
         with:
           # file types to ignore
           skip: "*.json,*.yml,DIRECTORY.md"
-          ignore_words_list: "ba,esy,yse,falsy"
+          ignore_words_list: "ba,esy,yse,falsy,abd"

.gitignore

@@ -14,5 +14,7 @@ yarn-error.log*
 
 # intelliJ workspace folder
 .idea
+.vscode
+.trae
 
 /coverage

Ciphers/KeyFinder.js

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ function keyFinder(str) {
           return k // return the key number if founded
         }
         outStrElement = '' // reset the temp word
-      } // end for ( let i=0; i < wordBank.length; i++)
+      } // end for (let i=0; i < wordBank.length; i++)
     }
   }
   return 0 // return 0 if found nothing

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
   * [UpperCaseConversion](Conversions/UpperCaseConversion.js)
 * **Data-Structures**
   * **Array**
-    * [LocalMaximomPoint](Data-Structures/Array/LocalMaximomPoint.js)
+    * [LocalMaximumPoint](Data-Structures/Array/LocalMaximumPoint.js)
     * [NumberOfLocalMaximumPoints](Data-Structures/Array/NumberOfLocalMaximumPoints.js)
     * [QuickSelect](Data-Structures/Array/QuickSelect.js)
     * [Reverse](Data-Structures/Array/Reverse.js)
@@ -321,6 +321,9 @@
   * [StringSearch](Search/StringSearch.js)
   * [TernarySearch](Search/TernarySearch.js)
   * [UnionFind](Search/UnionFind.js)
+* **Sliding-Windows**
+  * [MaxSumSubarrayFixed](Sliding-Windows/MaxSumSubarrayFixed.js)
+  * [LongestSubarrayWithSumAtMost](Sliding-Windows/LongestSubarrayWithSumAtMost.js)
 * **Sorts**
   * [AlphaNumericalSort](Sorts/AlphaNumericalSort.js)
   * [BeadSort](Sorts/BeadSort.js)

Data-Structures/Array/LocalMaximomPoint.js → Data-Structures/Array/LocalMaximumPoint.js

@@ -44,6 +44,6 @@ const findMaxPointIndex = (
   }
 }
 
-const LocalMaximomPoint = (A) => findMaxPointIndex(A, 0, A.length - 1, A.length)
+const LocalMaximumPoint = (A) => findMaxPointIndex(A, 0, A.length - 1, A.length)
 
-export { LocalMaximomPoint }
+export { LocalMaximumPoint }

Data-Structures/Array/test/LocalMaximomPoint.test.js → Data-Structures/Array/test/LocalMaximumPoint.test.js

@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
-import { LocalMaximomPoint } from '../LocalMaximomPoint'
+import { LocalMaximumPoint } from '../LocalMaximumPoint'
 
 describe('LocalMaximumPoint tests', () => {
   it('test boundary maximum points - last element', () => {
     const Array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12]
-    expect(LocalMaximomPoint(Array)).toEqual(6)
+    expect(LocalMaximumPoint(Array)).toEqual(6)
   })
 
   it('test boundary maximum points - first element', () => {
     const Array2 = [13, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
-    expect(LocalMaximomPoint(Array2)).toEqual(0)
+    expect(LocalMaximumPoint(Array2)).toEqual(0)
   })
 
-  it('test boundary maximum points - should find first maximom point from the top', () => {
+  it('test boundary maximum points - should find first maximum point from the top', () => {
     // Test a mix of number types (i.e., positive/negative, numbers with decimals, fractions)
     const Array = [13, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12]
-    expect(LocalMaximomPoint(Array)).toEqual(6)
+    expect(LocalMaximumPoint(Array)).toEqual(6)
   })
 
   it('test inner points - second element', () => {
     const Array2 = [13, 16, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
-    expect(LocalMaximomPoint(Array2)).toEqual(1)
+    expect(LocalMaximumPoint(Array2)).toEqual(1)
   })
 
   it('test inner points - element some where in the middle', () => {
     const Array2 = [13, 16, 5, 41, 3, 2, 1]
-    expect(LocalMaximomPoint(Array2)).toEqual(3)
+    expect(LocalMaximumPoint(Array2)).toEqual(3)
   })
 })

Data-Structures/Array/test/NumberOfLocalMaximumPoints.test.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { NumberOfLocalMaximumPoints } from '../NumberOfLocalMaximumPoints'
 
-describe('LocalMaximomPoint tests', () => {
+describe('LocalMaximumPoint tests', () => {
   it('test boundary maximum points - last element', () => {
     const Array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12]
     expect(NumberOfLocalMaximumPoints(Array)).toEqual(1)

Data-Structures/Tree/BinarySearchTree.js

@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ const Node = (function Node() {
     visit(output = (value) => console.log(value)) {
       // Recursively go left
       if (this.left !== null) {
-        this.left.visit()
+        this.left.visit(output)
       }
       // Print out value
       output(this.value)
       // Recursively go right
       if (this.right !== null) {
-        this.right.visit()
+        this.right.visit(output)
       }
     }
 
@@ -116,20 +116,23 @@ const Tree = (function () {
     }
 
     // Inorder traversal
-    traverse() {
+    traverse(output = (value) => console.log(value)) {
       if (!this.root) {
         // No nodes are there in the tree till now
         return
       }
-      this.root.visit()
+      this.root.visit(output)
     }
 
     // Start by searching the root
     search(val) {
-      const found = this.root.search(val)
-      if (found !== null) {
-        return found.value
+      if (this.root) {
+        const found = this.root.search(val)
+        if (found !== null) {
+          return found.value
+        }
       }
+
       // not found
       return null
     }

Data-Structures/Tree/SegmentTree.js

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class SegmentTree {
     }
   }
 
-  // interval [L,R) with left index(L) included and right (R) excluded.
+  // interval [L, R) with left index(L) included and right (R) excluded.
   query(left, right) {
     const { size, tree } = this
     // cause R is excluded, increase right for convenient

Data-Structures/Tree/test/BinarySearchTree.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { Tree } from '../BinarySearchTree.js'
+
+describe('Binary Search Tree', () => {
+  let tree
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    tree = new Tree()
+    tree.addValue(10)
+    tree.addValue(5)
+    tree.addValue(15)
+    tree.addValue(3)
+    tree.addValue(8)
+  })
+
+  test('should add values to the tree', () => {
+    tree.addValue(12)
+
+    expect(tree.search(12)).toBe(12)
+    expect(tree.search(5)).toBe(5)
+    expect(tree.search(15)).toBe(15)
+  })
+
+  test('should perform in-order traversal', () => {
+    const values = []
+    const output = (val) => values.push(val)
+    tree.traverse(output)
+    expect(values).toEqual([3, 5, 8, 10, 15])
+  })
+
+  test('should remove leaf nodes correctly', () => {
+    tree.removeValue(5)
+    expect(tree.search(5)).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  test('should remove nodes with one child correctly', () => {
+    tree.addValue(12)
+    tree.removeValue(15)
+
+    expect(tree.search(15)).toBeNull()
+    expect(tree.search(12)).toBe(12)
+  })
+
+  test('should remove nodes with two children correctly', () => {
+    tree.addValue(18)
+    tree.removeValue(15)
+
+    expect(tree.search(15)).toBeNull()
+    expect(tree.search(18)).toBe(18)
+  })
+
+  test('should return null for non-existent values', () => {
+    expect(tree.search(20)).toBeNull()
+    expect(tree.search(0)).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  test('should handle removal of root node correctly', () => {
+    tree.removeValue(10)
+    expect(tree.search(10)).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  test('should handle empty tree gracefully', () => {
+    const newTree = new Tree()
+    newTree.removeValue(22) // Should not throw
+    expect(newTree.search(22)).toBeNull()
+  })
+})

Dynamic-Programming/UniquePaths.js

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const uniquePaths = (m, n) => {
     for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {
       // paths[j] in RHS represents the cell value stored above the current cell
       // paths[j-1] in RHS represents the cell value stored to the left of the current cell
-      // paths [j] on the LHS represents the number of distinct pathways to the cell (i,j)
+      // paths [j] on the LHS represents the number of distinct pathways to the cell (i, j)
       paths[j] = paths[j - 1] + paths[j]
     }
   }

Geometry/ConvexHullGraham.js

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ function compare(a, b) {
   return 1
 }
 function orientation(a, b, c) {
-  // Check orientation of Line(a,b) and Line(b,c)
+  // Check orientation of Line(a, b) and Line(b, c)
   const alpha = (b.y - a.y) / (b.x - a.x)
   const beta = (c.y - b.y) / (c.x - b.x)
 

Graphs/Dijkstra.js

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 function createGraph(V, E) {
   // V - Number of vertices in graph
-  // E - Number of edges in graph (u,v,w)
+  // E - Number of edges in graph (u, v, w)
   const adjList = [] // Adjacency list
   for (let i = 0; i < V; i++) {
     adjList.push([])

Maths/Abs.js

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const abs = (num) => {
     throw new TypeError('Argument is NaN - Not a Number')
   }
 
-  return validNumber < 0 ? -validNumber : validNumber // if number is less than zero mean negative then it converted to positive. i.e -> n = -2 = -(-2) = 2
+  return validNumber < 0 ? -validNumber : validNumber // if number is less than zero means negative, then it converted to positive. i.e., n = -2 = -(-2) = 2
 }
 
 export { abs }

Maths/AverageMean.js

@@ -1,19 +1,30 @@
 /**
  * @function mean
  * @description This script will find the mean value of a array of numbers.
- * @param {Integer[]} nums - Array of integer
- * @return {Integer} - mean of nums.
+ * @param {number[]} numbers - Array of integer
+ * @return {number} - mean of numbers.
+ * @throws {TypeError} If the input is not an array or contains non-number elements.
+ * @throws {Error} If the input array is empty.
  * @see [Mean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean)
  * @example mean([1, 2, 4, 5]) = 3
  * @example mean([10, 40, 100, 20]) = 42.5
  */
-
-const mean = (nums) => {
-  if (!Array.isArray(nums)) {
+const mean = (numbers) => {
+  if (!Array.isArray(numbers)) {
     throw new TypeError('Invalid Input')
+  } else if (numbers.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('Array is empty')
   }
 
-  return nums.reduce((sum, cur) => sum + cur, 0) / nums.length
+  let total = 0
+  numbers.forEach((num) => {
+    if (typeof num !== 'number') {
+      throw new TypeError('Invalid Input')
+    }
+    total += num
+  })
+
+  return total / numbers.length
 }
 
 export { mean }

Maths/BinaryExponentiationIterative.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// To calculate x^n i.e. exponent(x, n) in O(log n) time in iterative way
+// To calculate x^n i.e., exponent(x, n) in O(log n) time in iterative way
 // n is an integer and n >= 0
 
 // Explanation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring

Maths/EulersTotient.js

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export const EulersTotient = (n) => {
       while (n % i === 0) {
         n = Math.floor(n / i)
       }
-      // i is a prime diving n, multiply res by 1 - 1/i
+      // i is a prime dividing n, multiply res by 1 - 1/i
       // res = res * (1 - 1/i) = res - (res / i)
       res = res - Math.floor(res / i)
     }

Maths/EulersTotientFunction.js

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const gcdOfTwoNumbers = (x, y) => {
   // let gcd of x and y is gcdXY
   // so it divides x and y completely
   // so gcdXY should also divide y%x (y = gcdXY*a and x = gcdXY*b and y%x = y - x*k so y%x = gcdXY(a - b*k))
-  // and gcd(x,y) is equal to gcd(y%x , x)
+  // and gcd(x,y) is equal to gcd(y%x, x)
   return x === 0 ? y : gcdOfTwoNumbers(y % x, x)
 }
 

Maths/MatrixMultiplication.js

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ const matrixCheck = (matrix) => {
   }
 }
 
-// tests to see if the matrices have a like side, i.e. the row length on the first matrix matches the column length on the second matrix, or vice versa.
+// tests to see if the matrices have a like side, i.e., the row length on the first matrix matches the column length on the second matrix, or vice versa.
 const twoMatricesCheck = (first, second) => {
   const [firstRowLength, secondRowLength, firstColLength, secondColLength] = [
     first.length,

Maths/Polynomial.js

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 class Polynomial {
   constructor(array) {
     this.coefficientArray = array // array of coefficients
-    this.polynomial = '' // in terms of x e.g. (2x) + (1)
+    this.polynomial = '' // in terms of x e.g., (2x) + (1)
     this.construct()
   }
 

Maths/test/AverageMean.test.js

@@ -18,4 +18,50 @@ describe('Tests for average mean', () => {
     const meanFunction = mean([10, 40, 100, 20])
     expect(meanFunction).toBe(42.5)
   })
+
+  it('should return the number itself for a single-element array', () => {
+    const result = mean([5])
+    expect(result).toBe(5)
+  })
+
+  it('should throw error for empty array', () => {
+    expect(() => mean([])).toThrow()
+  })
+
+  it('should throw error for an array containing null', () => {
+    expect(() => mean([1, 2, null])).toThrow()
+  })
+
+  it('should throw error for an array containing booleans', () => {
+    expect(() => mean([1, 2, true])).toThrow()
+  })
+
+  it('should throw error for an array containing strings', () => {
+    expect(() => mean([1, 2, 'asd'])).toThrow()
+  })
+
+  it('should return the mean of an array with negative numbers', () => {
+    const result = mean([-1, -2, -3, -4])
+    expect(result).toBe(-2.5)
+  })
+
+  it('should return the mean of an array with floating-point numbers', () => {
+    const result = mean([1.5, 2.5, 3.5])
+    expect(result).toBe(2.5)
+  })
+
+  it('should return 0 for an array with zeros', () => {
+    const result = mean([0, 0, 0])
+    expect(result).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  it('should handle very large numbers correctly', () => {
+    const result = mean([1000000000, 2000000000, 3000000000])
+    expect(result).toBe(2000000000)
+  })
+
+  it('should return correct mean for an array with integers and floating-point numbers', () => {
+    const result = mean([1, 2.5, 3])
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(2.1667, 4)
+  })
 })

Maths/test/Pow.test.js

@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ describe('Testing powFaster function', () => {
   })
 
   it('should return the result in O(lonN) complexity', () => {
-    expect(powFaster(2, 64)).toBe(18446744073709552000) // execution time Math.log2(64) -> 6
+    expect(powFaster(2, 64)).toBe(18446744073709552000) // execution time Math. log2(64) -> 6
   })
 })

Search/UnionFind.js

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function UnionFind(n, key) {
   }
   let cnt, length
   // init Union Find with number of distinct groups. Each group will be referred to as index of the array of size 'size' starting at 0.
-  // Provide an optional key function that maps these indices. I.e. for the groups starting with 1 provide function(a){return a-1;}. The default value is function(a){return a;}.
+  // Provide an optional key function that maps these indices. I.e., for the groups starting with 1 provide function(a){return a-1;}. The default value is function(a){return a;}.
   key =
     key ||
     function (a) {