Very slow work with data analysis in JSON using Python

very, very slow

This is unavoidable - you're sending up to three HTTP requests for every single row of your output.

Also note that it's "at least immoral" to hammer this site; the owners have tried to protect it with CloudFlare and want you to ask them for permission:

The system identified you as a scraper and banned the IP. To use the data on the website contact the owner and request permission.

That aside, for your code itself,

• Write some functions; don't write one giant blob of global code
• Separate downloading, filtering and serialising concerns
• Don't write code in Portuguese - write it in English, which is an international de-facto standard for coding
• Mommentum is spelled Momentum
• Refactor your goal-minutes statements into a loop
• Don't f.close(); you've already done this in your with
• Maintain a session object for your requests
• Use PEP484 type hints

Suggested

from csv import DictWriter
from datetime import date, timedelta
from typing import Iterator, Any, Dict, Iterable, Tuple, List
from urllib.parse import urljoin

from requests import Session


JsonDict = Dict[str, Any]
EventsAndGoals = Tuple[JsonDict, JsonDict]
EventsGoalsGraphs = Tuple[JsonDict, JsonDict, List[JsonDict]]


def get_sofascore(session: Session, path: str) -> JsonDict:
    url = urljoin('https://api.sofascore.com', path)
    with session.get(url, headers={'Accept': 'application/json'}) as response:
        response.raise_for_status()
        return response.json()


def get_events(session: Session, start_date: date, days: int) -> Iterator[Dict[str, Any]]:
    for day in range(days):
        when = start_date + timedelta(days=day)
        response = get_sofascore(
            session=session,
            path=f'/api/v1/sport/football/scheduled-events/{when}',
        )
        for event in response['events']:
            if event['status']['type'] == 'finished':
                yield event


def get_goals(session: Session, events: Iterable[JsonDict]) -> Iterator[EventsAndGoals]:
    for event in events:
        response = get_sofascore(
            session=session,
            path=f'/api/v1/event/{event["id"]}/incidents',
        )
        for incident in response.get('incidents', ()):
            if (
                incident['incidentType'] == 'goal'
                and incident['time'] < 90
                and incident['time'] != 45  # why?
            ):
                yield event, incident


def get_graphs(session: Session, events_and_goals: Iterable[EventsAndGoals]) -> Iterator[EventsGoalsGraphs]:
    for event, goal in events_and_goals:
        response = get_sofascore(
            session=session,
            path=f'https://api.sofascore.com/api/v1/event/{event["id"]}/graph',
        )
        graph = response.get('graphPoints')
        if graph:
            yield event, goal, graph


def make_row(
    event: JsonDict,
    goal: JsonDict,
    graph: List[JsonDict],
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    row = {
        'name': f'{event["homeTeam"]["shortName"]} x {event["awayTeam"]["shortName"]}',
        'id': event['id'],
        'minutes': goal['time'],
    }

    for point in graph:
        delta = goal['time'] - point['minute']
        if 0 < delta <= 5 and float(delta).is_integer():
            row[f'tminus{delta}'] = abs(point['value'])

    return row


def main() -> None:
    with Session() as session:
        events = get_events(
            session=session, start_date=date(2021, 1, 1), days=5,
        )
        events_and_goals = get_goals(session, events)
        all_sources = get_graphs(session, events_and_goals)
        rows = (make_row(*source) for source in all_sources)

        with open("Goals_Momentum.csv", "w", newline="", encoding="UTF-8") as f:
            writer = DictWriter(
                f=f,
                fieldnames=(
                    'name', 'id', 'minutes',
                    *(f'tminus{i}' for i in range(5, 0, -1)),
                ),
            )
            writer.writerows(rows)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()