Is there a way to stop running my python script from another python script?

You can use the signal module to set up a signal handler. The default signal that will be sent to the specified process by either kill or pkill will be SIGTERM (15).

So let's say that audio-recorder.py look like this:

import signal
import time
import sys

def handle(*_): # we're not interested in the signal number or the current stack frame
    print("SIGTERM handled...exiting")
    # write your cleanup code here
    sys.exit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, handle) # specify the signal handler
    while True: # run forever
        time.sleep(1)

When this is running you'll be able to stop it cleanly with:

pkill -f audio-recorder.py

Note:

This will be fine on Unix-type systems (Linux, MacOS etc.) but may not work on Windows. Windows is very un-Unix like when it comes to signal handling although (I believe) signals such as SIGTERM are portable

You can use the subprocess module to launch your audio recorder script as a subprocess, then terminate it.

import subprocess
import time

# Start the audio recorder script as a subprocess
process = subprocess.Popen(["python", "audio_recorder.py"])

# Let the recorder run for 5 seconds
time.sleep(5)

# Terminate the audio recorder process
process.terminate()
print("Audio recorder stopped.")