merge: Add pronic number implementation (TheAlgorithms#1023)

* feat: Add pronic number implementation

* Add test to Math

* Minor fixes

* Minor style fixes

* refactor: Store square root in a variable

* Minor refactoring

* fix: Change pronic number check logic

Reduced time complexity from O(sqrt(n)) to O(1)

* Minor style fixes

* fix: Update pronic number check boolean equation

* refactor: Change pronic number check condition

* refactor: Add tests to Math

* Minor style fixes

* refactor: Change unit test logic

Author: itsAkshayDubey

Maths/IsPronic.js

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+/*
+ * Author: Akshay Dubey (https://github.com/itsAkshayDubey)
+ * Pronic Number: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronic_number
+ * function to check if number is pronic.
+ * return true if number is pronic.
+ * else false
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @function isPronic
+ * @description -> Checking if number is pronic using product of two consecutive numbers
+ * If number is a product of two consecutive numbers, then it is pronic
+ * therefore, the function will return true
+ *
+ * If number is not a product of two consecutive numbers, then it is not pronic
+ * therefore, the function will return false
+ * @param {number} number
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+
+export const isPronic = (number) => {
+  if (number === 0) {
+    return true
+  }
+  const sqrt = Math.sqrt(number)
+  return sqrt % 1 !== 0 && Math.ceil(sqrt) * Math.floor(sqrt) === number
+}

Maths/test/IsPronic.test.js

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+import { isPronic } from '../IsPronic'
+
+const pronicNumbers = [0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 110, 132, 156, 182, 210, 240, 272, 306, 342, 380, 420, 462, 506, 552, 600, 650, 702, 756, 812, 870, 930, 992, 1056, 1122, 1190, 1260, 1332, 1406, 1482, 1560, 1640, 1722, 1806, 1892, 1980, 2070, 2162, 2256, 2352, 2450, 2550]
+
+describe('Testing isPronic function', () => {
+  for (let i = 0; i <= 2500; i++) {
+    it('should return true', () => {
+      const isPronicNumber = isPronic(i)
+      expect(isPronicNumber).toBe(pronicNumbers.includes(i))
+    })
+  }
+})