up

Author: iliakan

1-js/03-code-quality/02-coding-style/article.md

@@ -307,4 +307,6 @@ Also you can see [the manual](http://eslint.org/docs/user-guide/getting-started)
 
 All syntax rules from this chapter and the style guides aim to increase readability.
 
-When you read style guides and think about "how to write better", the sole criterion is "does the code become more readable and easier to understand?" Then it becomes easier to pick up the best practices for that. Or even abandon some in cases when you see that they don't help.
+All of them are debatable.
+
+When we think about "how to write better?", the sole criterion is "what makes the code  more readable and easier to understand? what helps to evade errors?" The answer helps to pick up best practices. And maybe to abandon some in case if they don't contribute.

1-js/07-object-inheritance/10-class-inheritance/3-class-extend-object/rabbit-extends-object.png

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+The answer has two parts.
+
+The first, an easy one is that the inheriting class needs to call `super()` in the constructor. Otherwise `"this"` won't be "defined".
+
+So here's the fix:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit extends Object {
+  constructor(name) {
+*!*
+    super(); // need to call the parent constructor when inheriting
+*/!*
+    this.name = name;
+  }
+}
+
+let rabbit = new Rabbit("Rab");
+
+alert( rabbit.hasOwnProperty('name') ); // true
+```
+
+But that's not all yet.
+
+Even after the fix, there's still important difference in `"class Rabbit extends Object"` versus `class Rabbit`.
+
+As we know, the "extends" syntax sets up two prototypes:
+
+1. Between `"prototype"` of the constructor functions (for methods).
+2. Between the constructor functions itself (for static methods).
+
+In our case, for `class Rabbit extends Object` it means:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit extends Object {}
+
+alert( Rabbit.prototype.__proto__ === Object.prototype ); // (1) true
+alert( Rabbit.__proto__ === Object ); // (2) true
+```
+
+So we can access static methods of `Object` via `Rabbit`, like this:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit extends Object {}
+
+*!*
+// normally we call Object.getOwnPropertyNames
+alert ( Rabbit.getOwnPropertyNames({a: 1, b: 2})); // a,b
+*/!*
+```
+
+And if we don't use `extends`, then `class Rabbit` does not get the second reference.
+
+Please compare with it:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit {}
+
+alert( Rabbit.prototype.__proto__ === Object.prototype ); // (1) true
+alert( Rabbit.__proto__ === Object ); // (2) false (!)
+
+*!*
+// error, no such function in Rabbit
+alert ( Rabbit.getOwnPropertyNames({a: 1, b: 2})); // Error
+*/!*
+```
+
+For the simple `class Rabbit`, the `Rabbit` function has the same prototype
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit {}
+
+// instead of (2) that's correct for Rabbit (just like any function):
+alert( Rabbit.__proto__ === Function.prototype );
+```
+
+By the way, `Function.prototype` has "generic" function methods, like `call`, `bind` etc. They are ultimately available in both cases, because for the built-in `Object` constructor, `Object.__proto__ === Function.prototype`.
+
+Here's the picture:
+
+![](rabbit-extends-object.png)
+
+So, to put it short, there are two differences:
+
+| class Rabbit | class Rabbit extends Object  |
+|--------------|------------------------------|
+| --             | needs to call `super()` in constructor |
+| `Rabbit.__proto__ === Function.prototype` | `Rabbit.__proto__ === Object` |

1-js/07-object-inheritance/10-class-inheritance/3-class-extend-object/rabbit-extends-object@2x.png

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+importance: 5
+
+---
+
+# Class extends Object?
+
+As we know, all objects normally inherit from `Object.prototype` and get access to "generic" object methods.
+
+Like demonstrated here:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit {
+  constructor(name) {
+    this.name = name;
+  }
+}
+
+let rabbit = new Rabbit("Rab");
+
+*!*
+// hasOwnProperty method is from Object.prototype
+// rabbit.__proto__ === Object.prototype
+alert( rabbit.hasOwnProperty('name') ); // true
+*/!*
+```
+
+So, is it correct to say that `"class Rabbit extends Object"` does exactly the same as `"class Rabbit"`, or not?
+
+Will it work?
+
+```js
+class Rabbit extends Object {
+  constructor(name) {
+    this.name = name;
+  }
+}
+
+let rabbit = new Rabbit("Rab");
+
+alert( rabbit.hasOwnProperty('name') ); // true
+```
+
+If it won't please fix the code.