I think the best approach is to use regex match, keypress event listener and replace. Please see below for suggested answer. In addition, I have put the code on https://jsfiddle.net/8p590mhq/ for test. Hope this helps.
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Ext</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
Extension:<br>
<input type="text" id="extension" name="extension" placeholder="Please enter phone ext's" required>
</div>
<!-- JavaScript file include -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="js.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
JS
//ammend field function
let ammend_field = () => {
//get element by id
let ext = document.getElementById("extension");
//use regex match to replace ext.value input field
//original answer from:
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17260238/how-to-insert-space-every-4-characters-for-iban-registering
ext.value = ext.value.replace(/[^\d0-9]/g, '').replace(/(.{4})/g, '$1 / ').trim();
}
//add event listener to submit button
document.getElementById("extension").addEventListener("keypress", ammend_field);