You dont have to use the interpolate directive in these scenario's. You can use something that is much more understandable , like a function.
<li ng-repeat="article in articles" class="thumbnail">
<img ng-src="encode(article.image)">
</ii>
Now encode should be a function in either the scope that contains the articles or in the inner scope (Note : ng-repeat creates a new scope for each item it creates. So in this example for each article there will be a new scope ).
Lets say your controller is called ArticleCtrl ( I am going to assume )
function ArticlesCtrl($scope){
$scope.articles = [];
$scope.encode = function(url){
return encodeURI(url);
}
}